Unilateral Aplasia versus Bilateral Aplasia of the Vertebral Artery: A Review of Associated Abnormalities

Table 5

Thirteen (13/31) literature cases of total aplasia of the right vertebral artery (VA) and hypoplasia of the left VA.

Number	Gender/age (author)	Initial symptoms or reasons of research	Right VA aplasia
			Associated vascular aplasia	Associated persistent CVBA and other variants and/or abnormalities
			Other arteries and/or veins	Type of persistent CVBA; (vascular source)	Other variants and/or abnormalities	Diagnosed pathology
(1)	F/30; [84]	Headache; (of the 37th-week pregnant woman)		Right PPHA; (ICA)	Hypoplastics left ICA and VA; AVM	Stenosis of the left ICA at the entrance from the carotid siphon; Intracranial hemorrhage
(2)	F/31; [97]	History of pain beginning in the right temporomandibular joint		Right PPHA (ICA)	Hypoplastic left VA; Displaced right temporal lobe	Chondroblastoma
(3)	F/34; [85]	Headache		Right PPIA (ICA)	Hypoplastic left VA	Ruptured aneurysm of the left AChA Unruptured aneurysm of the right AChA
(4)	M/37; [88]	Left-sided weakness	Bilateral PCoA; Right ACA	Unusual right CBA; (ICA)	Hypoplastic left VA; Right CBA coursing through the jugular foramen and distributed right PICA; Aberrant right SA
(5)	M/41; [92]	Vertigo	Bilateral ECA	Right PPIA; (ICA)	Hypoplastic left VA; Left CCA-SA common trunk; Bilaterally CCA distributes ECA branches
(6)	F/43; [99]	SAH	Bilateral PCoA	Right PPHA	Hypoplastic left VA Kinking of the right P1	Aneurysm of the BA bifurcation; Partial occlusion of the right P1
(7)	F/49; [103]	SAH		Right PPHA; (ECA)	Hypoplastic left VA	Right PICA aneurysm
(8)	M/58; [93]	Right carotid bruit	Right PCoA	Right PPIA (ICA)	Hypoplastics left VA and PCoA	Tight stenosis of the right ICA origin
(9)	M/62; [87]	Vertigo/left upper extremity weakness	Bilateral PCoA	Right PPHA (ICA)	Hypoplastic left VA	Stenosis of the right ICA
(10)	M/66; [95]	Sudden visual blurring		Right PPHA; (ICA)	Hypoplastic left VA. Right SA, left VA, and both CCAs originated directly from the aortic arch	Occlusion of bilateral PCA. Stenosis of the right CCA and ICA and left MCA. Right occipital ischemic stroke
(11)	F/74; [96]	Bilateral; carotid bruits	Right PCoA	Right PPHA (ICA)	Hypoplastic left VA	Occlusion of the left ICA. Stenosis of the left ECA/right ICA/ECA
(12)	F/74; [94]	Loss of consciousness		Right PPIA (ECA)	Hypoplastic left VA terminated as the PICA	SAH. Aneurysm of the MCA trifurcation
(13)	(U) [98]	Anatomy dissection		Right PPHA (ICA)	Hypoplastic left VA

Cases according to the age are listed; Arabian numbers indicate age in years; CVBA, carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis; F, female; PPHA, persistent primitive hypoglossal artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; AVM, arteriovenous malformation; PPIA, persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery (independently of its type); AChA, anterior choroidal artery; M, male; PCoA, posterior communicating artery; ACA, anterior cerebral artery; CBA, carotid-basilar anastomosis; PICA, posterior inferior cerebellar artery; SA, subclavian artery; ECA, external carotid artery; CCA, common carotid artery; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; P1, precommunicating part of the posterior cerebral artery; BA, basilar artery; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; U, unknown gender.