Chemical Compositions, Somatic Embryogenesis, and Somaclonal Variation in Cumin

Table 3

Chemical composition of the essential oil of two studied Iranian superior cumin landraces.

S. number	Compounds%	RI	Golestan landrace	RI	North Khorasan landrace
Terpenic compound
1	Alpha-thujene	1453	17.22 ± 0.26	1090	24.8 ± 0.10
2	Gamma-terpinene	998	13.35 ± 0.21	998	6.91 ± 0.11
3	Alpha-pinene	948	0.45 ± 0.005	948	0.14 ± 0.017
4	Alpha-phellandrene	969	0.76 ± 0.01	969	0.73 ± 0.005
5	Beta-farnesene	1440	0.58 ± 0.01	—	—
6	Beta-pinene	943	9 ± 0.22	943	3.35 ± 0.09
7	Beta-phellandrene	964	0.50 ± 0.01	964	0.27 ± 0.02
8	Bergamotene	1425	0.12 ± 0.005	—	—
9	Di-epi-.alpha.-cedrene	1403	0.65 ± 0.017	1403	0.18 ± 0.008
10	Myrcene (b-pinene)	—	—	958	0.26 ± 0.005
11	Limonene	—	—	1013	0.42 ± 0.008
12	Beta-myrcene	958	0.56 ± 0.03	—	—
13	B-Cymene	1042	5.48 ± 0.08	1042	2.58 ± 0.03
14	Gamma-cadinene	1435	0.42 ± 0.01	—	—
15	β-Bisabolene	1500	0.10 ± 0.003	—	—
16	Beta-caryophyllene	1494	0.25 ± 0.003	—	—
17	Cyclopropane	928	0.52 ± 0.04	—	—
18	Androstane	—	—	2145	0.07 ± 0.003
19	Origanene	902	0.14 ± 0.008	902	0.06 ± 0.006
20	1,5-Cyclodecadiene	1570	0.08 ± 0.00	—	—
21	Beta-caryophyllene oxide	1507	0.06 ± 0.003	—	—
22	Cholestane	—	—	2770	0.23 ± 0.008
	3-Nonen-5-yne, 4-ethyl-, (Z)	1117	11.22 ± 0.20	1117	11.14 ± 0.08
23	Benzene –Dimethoxymethyl	1080	0.27 ± 0.01	—	—
24	Silane	1115	0.56 ± 0.008	—	—
Total terpenic compound			62.27		51.14
Alcohols/phenols	p-Thymol	1262	0.14 ± 0.003	—	—
	Isoeugenol	—	—	1410	1.18 ± 0.03
	Phenol, 3-(1-methylethyl)	1149	0.05 ± 0.005	1149	0.15 ± 0.006
	p-Cymen-8-ol	1197	0.07 ± 0.003	—	—
	Carotol	1593	0.35 ± 0.008	1593	0.06 ± 0.006
	cis-Sabinol	1085	0.07 ± 0.003	1085	0.06 ± 0.0
	β-linalool	1082	0.13 ± 0.005	1082	0.24 ± 0.006
	p-Mentha-1,4-dien-7-al	1240	0.12 ± 0.003	1240	0.44 ± 0.031
	Phellandral	1175	4.38 ± 0.12	1175	6.91 ± 0.08
	trans-Pinocarveol	1131	0.11 ± 0.003	1131	0.14 ± 0.006
	1,8-Cineole	1247	0.23 ± 0.005	—	—
	Henicosan-1-ol	2351	0.09 ± 0.001	—	—
	trans-Shisool	—	—	1250	0.20 ± 0.005
	Terpinen-4-ol	1137	0.14 ± 0.003	1137	0.23 ± 0.01
Total alcohols/phenols			5.88		9.61
Aldehydes	Cuminaldehyde	1230	30.4 ± 0.27	1230	37.8 ± 0.24
	Carene	919	0.09 ± 0.001	919	0.078 ± 0.0016
	Nonanal	1104	0.43 ± 0.008	1104	0.32 ± 0.005
	Cyclopentene-1 carboxaldehyde	—	—	1176	0.20 ± 0.006
Total aldehydes			30.91		38.4
Epoxides	Limonene epoxide	1031	0.05 ± 0.003	—	—
Total epoxides			0.05		0
Others	Dehydro-neotigogenin benzoate	—	—	4336	0.70 ± 0.01
	Corylon	972	0.12 ± 0.006	—	—

—: not detected. In each row, values followed by the same letter indicate no significant differences at 5% ( test). Means of five replications ± SE. RI: retention index determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).