Colorectal Cancer: From the Genetic Model to Posttranscriptional Regulation by Noncoding RNAs

Table 2

Oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs involved in colorectal cancer.

miRNA	Verified targets	Role in colorectal cancer	References
Oncogenic miRNAs (upregulated)
miR-18a	ATM	Blocking apoptosis, DNA repair, and sensitivity to etoposide	[114]
miR-21	PTEN, PCDC4, TGFBR2, CDC25A	Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, CSC maintenance	[115–117]
miR-29a	KLF4	Invasion, metastasis	[118]
miR-31	HIF1A, RhoBTB1, RASA1	Proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth	[119–121]
miR-32	PTEN	Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis	[122]
miR-92a	PTEN	Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, EMT	[123]
miR-95	SNX1	Proliferation, tumor growth	[124]
miR-96	TP53INP1, FOXO1, FOXO3A	Proliferation	[125]
miR-103	DICER, PTEN	Proliferation, migration, tumor growth	[126]
miR-135a/b	APC	Proliferation	[127]
miR-155	MLH1, MSH2, MSH6	Altering DNA damage response	[128]
miR-181a	WIF-1, PTEN	Proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth, liver metastasis, metabolic shift, EMT	[129, 130]
miR-182	FOXF2	Cell growth, invasion, increased β-catenin activity	[131]
miR-196b	FAS	Blocking apoptosis	[132]
miR-214	PTEN, PDLIM2	Inflammation	[133]
miR-223	RASA1	Tumor growth	[134]
miR-224	SMAD4	Metastasis	[135]
Tumor suppressor miRNAs (downregulated)
let-7	KRAS	Proliferation	[91]
miR-7	EGFR, RAF1	Proliferation	[136]
miR-18a	KRAS	Proliferation	[137]
miR-26b	TAF12, PTP4A1, CHFR, ALS2CR2	Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration	[138]
miR-27b	VEDFC	Proliferation, angiogenesis	[139]
miR-34a	SIRT1	Apoptosis	[140]
miR-100	RAP1B	Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis	[141]
miR-101	SPHK1	Angiogenesis	[142]
miR-124	STAT3	Proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth, differentiation	[143]
miR-126	VEGFA, IRS-1, CXCR4	Proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis	[144–146]
miR-133a	FSCN1, LASP1	Proliferation, invasion, migration, tumor growth, metastasis, phosphorylation of ERK/MEK	[147, 148]
miR-133b	TBPL1, CXCR4	Proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis	[149, 150]
miR-139	IGF1R, NOTCH1	Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, tumor growth, cell cycle arrest	[151, 152]
miR-143	ERK5, KRAS, IGF1R	Proliferation	[153, 154]
miR-144	MTOR	Proliferation	[155]
miR-145	IRS1, NRAS, IGF1R	Proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis	[153, 154, 156]
miR-148b	CCK2R, PIK3R3	Proliferation, tumor growth, tumor size	[157, 158]
miR-194	PDK1, AKT2, XIAP, MAP4K4	Proliferation, apoptosis, migration, angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest, tumor growth and size, differentiation, metastasis	[159, 160]
miR-195	BCL2	Apoptosis	[161]
miR-200a/c	ZEB1/2	EMT	[87, 162]
miR-206	NOTCH3	Proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest	[163]
miR-214	FGFR1	Proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth, metastasis	[164]
miR-218	BMI1	Proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest	[165]
miR-224	CDC42	Migration	[166]
miR-320a	CTNNB1, RAC1	Proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle arrest	[167, 168]
miR-342	DNMT1	Proliferation, invasion, cell cycle arrest, tumor growth, metastasis	[169]
miR-365	BCL2, CCND1	Apoptosis	[170]
miR-375	PIK3CA	Proliferation, cell cycle arrest, tumor growth	[171]
miR-378	VIM	Proliferation, invasion, tumor growth and size, metastasis	[172]
miR-429	ONECUT2	Migration, invasion, EMT	[173]
miR-455	RAF1	Proliferation, invasion	[174]
miR-491	BCLXL	Apoptosis	[175]
miR-638	SOX2	Invasion, migration, EMT	[176]