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Terminology | Action | Merits | Demerits | References |
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Anesthesia | Lack of sense | Applied in surgical procedure | Effect digestive system, vomiting, and so forth | [1–4, 6, 8–11, 15, 18–21, 23, 25, 35, 36] |
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Propofol | Anesthetic agent | Fast metabolic action, less side effects, being easily recoverable | No | [1, 2, 4–7, 9, 11, 13, 16, 18–23, 28] |
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Remifentanil | Analgesic, painkiller | Less side effect, providing relief from pain, no postoperative effect | Excessive amount affects the stomach | [17–19, 24] |
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Nitrous oxide | Inhale volatile drugs | Used as painkiller | Not purely hypnotic | [1, 16, 23] |
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PID controller | Linear control technique | Fast transient response, showing adaptive behavior | Linearizing the data leads to loss of information. Cannot cope with uncertainties | [9, 18, 30–32, 34, 35, 37–40] |
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Sliding mode control | Nonlinear control scheme | Handling uncertainties like skin incision, less steady error up to 5% | Chattering is observed in hypnosis level | [40, 41] |
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Adaptive fuzzy SMC | Robust control scheme | Handling chattering in maintenance phase of anesthesia | Steady-state error still exists | [42–46] |
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Model predicative control | Optimal control strategy | Noise rejection of Intense care equipment, hypnosis level tracking | Settling time of achieving hypnosis can further be improved; steady-state error is 5% | [15, 47, 48] |
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Robust predicative control | Robust control scheme | Handling interpatient and intrapatient variability | No serious issues. Result is clinically accepted | [47] |
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Backstepping control | Nonlinear control algorithm | Fast transient response | Steady-state error exists | [49, 50] |
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Internal model control | Robust control scheme | Handling dynamics in hypnosis level | Complication in handling uncertainty | [51, 52] |
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Adaptive control | Used in adaptive model | Handling interpatient variability | Complex mathematics involved | [36, 47, 53–55] |
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control | Based on linear model | Handling uncertainly | Data lost in linearizing model | [36, 56] |
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TCI | Open loop system | Being easily applicable | Unable to compensate disturbances | [1, 5, 27, 57, 58] |
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BIS | Display cortical activity of brain | Extracting the inform of DOH from EEG easily | Unable to compensate noise of other equipment in ICU | [5, 8–10, 16, 18, 19, 22, 25, 26, 34] |
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TANGO | Software platform | Supervisory network for sensing as well as control purpose | Not viable for compensating interpatient variability | [59–61] |
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