Risk Factors for the Mortality of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Non-HIV Patients Who Required Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Case Series Study

Table 3

Comparison between nonsurvivors and survivors. Data are presented as patient number (%) and mean (SD) or medians (interquartile range) as appropriate.

	Nonsurvivors ()	Survivors ()	value
Age, year, mean (SD)	76.2 (2.1)	58.7 (13.3)	0.0196
Male, number (%)	0 (0%)	8 (50%)	0.068
APACHE II, mean (SD)	22.2 (5.0)	18.2 (3.8)	0.093
SAPS II, mean (SD)	40.0 (9.8)	36.7 (7.8)	0.486
Underlying diseases, number (%)
Renal transplantation	0 (0%)	7 (43.7%)	0.101
Rheumatoid Arthritis	3 (75%)	4 (25%)	0.061
Interstitial lung disease	2 (50%)	1 (6.2%)	0.028
PED (mg), median (range)	7.0 (5.3, 9.8)	6.4 (5.0, 12.0)	0.528
Methotrexate use (mg), median (range)	6.0 (3.0, 10.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.6)	0.088
Duration before treat (days), median (range)	1.5 (0.8, 4.0)	4.0 (1.8, 7.0)	0.629
Duration before ARF (days), median (range)	1.5 (0.8, 4.0)	4.0 (2.0, 7.0)	0.565
WBC (/µL), mean (SD)	7992.5 (1734.4)	9862.5 (3523.5)	0.323
Albumin (g/dL), mean (SD)	2.3 (0.5)	2.9 (0.4)	0.027
β-D-Glucan (pg/mL), mean (SD)	67.7 (70.6)	1158.9 (1448.2)	0.157
LDH (U/L), mean (SD)	424.2 (59.6)	511.3 (211.5)	0.434
KL-6 (U/mL), mean (SD)	2700.3 (1673.1)	738.7 (566.6)	0.002
SP-D (ng/mL), mean (SD)	1433.3 (1968.3)	220.3 (168.5)	0.042
Worst P/F (mmHg), mean (SD)	145.5 (52.2)	171.3 (65.1)	0.475
PaCO2 on admission (mmHg), mean (SD)	27.5 (5.2)	27.6 (4.8)	0.968
Tracheal intubation, number (%)	4 (100%)	8 (44%)	0.245
Mechanical ventilation
PEEP day 1 (cmH2O), median (range)	10.0 (9.5, 10.0)	9.0 (7.8, 12.0)	0.668
PEEP day 3 (cmH2O), median (range)	10.0 (9.5, 13.0)	10.0 (8.0, 14.3)	0.615
PEEP day 5 (cmH2O), median (range)	10.0 (9.5, 12.5)	10.0 (8.0, 14.0)	0.711
NPPV duration, days, median (range)	5.5 (1.0, 10.3)	3.5 (1.0, 6.8)	0.663
Days of intubation, days, median (range)	26.0 (18.3, 31.8)	2.5 (0.0, 9.3)	0.077
Days of ventilation, days, median (range)	32.5 (26.0, 36.0)	7.5 (5.0, 12.3)	0.068
Pulse therapy of methylprednisolone, number (%)	3 (75.0%)	6 (37.5%)	0.177
Length of hospitalization (days), median (range)	39.5 (35.8, 57.8)	29.5 (24.0, 57.3)	0.844

Definition of Abbreviations. APACHE, acute physiological and chronic health evaluation, SAPS; simplified acute physiological score, PED; prednisolone-equivalent dose, ARF; acute respiratory failure, WBC; white blood cell, LDH; lactate dehydrogenase, SP-D; surfactant protein-D, P/F; PaO₂/FIO₂, PEEP; positive end-expiratory pressure, NPPV; noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.