Metabolic Disorders in HIV-Infected Adolescents Receiving Protease Inhibitors

Table 1

Demographic, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics of 80 HIV-infected adolescents receiving protease inhibitor- (PI-) based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Patients characteristics
Age (years), median (IQR)	16.7 (14.6–18.0)
Male, (%)	42 (52.5)
History of smoking, (%)	2 (2.5)
History of alcohol consumption, (%)	3 (3.8)
Family history of CVD, (%)	2 (2.5)
Family history of HT, (%)	19 (23.8)
Family history of T2DM, (%)	24 (30.0)
Family history of dyslipidemia, (%)	19 (23.8)
Percentage weight-for-age (%), median (IQR)	89.4 (79.5–99.8)
Percentage weight-for-height (%), median (IQR)	101.2 (89.1–110.6)
BMI (kg/m^2), median (IQR)	18.3 (16.3–20.4)
Waist circumference (cm), median (IQR)	66.9 (62–72.7)
Waist-to-height ratio, median (IQR)	0.44 (0.41–0.48)
Obesity (waist-to-height ratio ), (%)	15 (18.8)
SBP (mmHg), median (IQR)	114 (106–120)
DBP (mmHg), median (IQR)	70 (64–75)
Acanthosis nigricans, (%)	11 (13.8)
Lipodystrophy, (%)	26 (32.5)
(i) Lipoatrophy, (%)	18 (22.5)
(ii) Lipohypertrophy, (%)	4 (5.0)
(iii) Combined type, (%)	4 (5.0)
CDC stage, (%)
(i) Severely symptomatic (Stage C), (%)	25 (31.3)
(ii) Nonsevere stage, (%)	55 (68.7)
Nadir CD4 cell count (cells/mm^3) ()
(i) <100 cells/mm^3, (%)	31 (39.2)
(ii) 100–350 cells/mm^3, (%)	26 (32.9)
(iii) >350 cells/mm^3, (%)	22 (27.9)
CD4 cell count (cells/mm^3), median (IQR)	656 (525.5–815.5)
(i) <350 cells/mm^3, (%)	10 (12.5)
(ii) 350–500 cells/mm^3, (%)	7 (8.7)
(iii) >500 cells/mm^3, (%)	63 (78.8)
Viral load (copies/mL)
(i) ≤40 copies/mL, (%)	64 (80.0)
(ii) >40 copies/mL, (%)	16 (20.0)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR)	4.39 (3.96–5.26)
Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.51 (1.14–2.31)
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR)	2.42 (2.06–2.99)
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.19 (1.01–1.41)
FPG (mmol/L), median (IQR)	4.66 (4.38–4.97)
2-hour PG (mmol/L), median (IQR)	6.66 (5.61–7.44)
Fasting insulin (pmol/L), median (IQR)	95 (62–154)
2-hour insulin (pmol/L), median (IQR)	642 (376–1686)
HOMA-IR, median (IQR)	2.8 (1.8–4.4)
HbA1c (%), median (IQR)	5.2 (4.9–5.5)

IQR, interquartile range; CVD, cardiovascular disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CDC, Centers for Disease Control; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PG, plasma glucose.