Radix Bupleuri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Table 2

Chemical compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri.

Classification	Number	Chemical component	Reference
Saponins	1	Saikosaponin a	[44]
	2	Saikosaponin c	[44]
	3	Saikosaponin d	[44]
	4	Saikosaponin e	[45]
	5	Prosaikogenin G	[46]
	6	Prosaikogenin F	[46]
	7	2′′-O-Acetylsaikosaponin a	[47]
	8	3′′-O-Acetylsaikosaponin a	[48]
	9	6′′-O-Acetylsaikosaponin a	[49]
	10	23-O-Acetylsaikosaponin a	[50]
	11	6′′-O-Acetylsaikosaponin d	[51]
	12	23-Hydroxy-13β, 28β-epoxy-olean-11-ene-16-one 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranoside	[52]
	13	3β,16β-Dihydroxy-23-O-acetyl-13β, 28β-epoxy-olean-11-ene 3-O-β-D-fucopyranoside	[47]
	14	Bupleuroside I	[45]
	15	Saikosaponin b1	[45, 49]
	16	Saikosaponin b2	[45, 49]
	17	6′′-O-Acetyl-saikosaponin b2	[51]
	18	Saikosaponin h	[47, 53]
	19	Prosaikogenin D	[54]
	20	Prosaikogenin A	[47]
	21	3β,23,28-Trihydroxy-11, 13(18)-diene-16-one 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→; 3)-β-D-fucopyranoside	[47]
	22	Bupleuroside V	[45]
	23	Bupleuroside X	[45]
	24	Bupleuroside XII	[45]
	25	Saikosaponin v-1	[51]
	26	Saikosaponin b3	[44, 53]
	27	Saikosaponin b4	[44, 53]
	28	Saikosaponin f	[45]
	29	3β,16β,23,28-Tetrahydroxy-11α-methoxy-olean-12-ene 3-O-β-D-fucopyranoside	[47]
	30	3β,16β,28-Trihydroxyl-11α-methoxy-olean-12-ene-O-β-D-fucopyranoside	[47]
	31	Bupleuroside VII	[45]
	32	Saikosaponin g	[53]
	33	Saikosaponin i	[53]
	34	Bupleuroside VIII	[45]
	35	Bupleuroside XI	[45]
Polyacetylenes	36	(2Z,8Z,10E)-pentadecatriene-4,6-diyne-1-ol	[56]
	37	(2Z,8E,10E)-pentadecatriene-4,6-diyne-1-ol	[56, 57]
	38	(2Z,8Z,10E)-heptadecatriene-4,6-diyne-1-ol	[56]
	39	Bupleurynol	[56, 57]
Flavonoids	40	Quercetin	[60]
	41	Isorhamnetin	[60]
	42	Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside	[60]
	43	Puerarin	[60]
	44	Rutin	[60]
	45	Narcissin	[59]
	46	Eugenin	[62]
	47	Saikochrome A	[62, 63]
	48	Saikochromic acid	[60]
	49	7,4′-Dihydroxy-isoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucoside	[60]
	50	Saikochromoside A	[59]
	51	Saikoisoflavonoside A	[61]
Lignans	52	Nortrachelogenin	[63]
	53	Nemerosin	[62]
	54	Kaerophyllin	[62]
	55	Isochaihulactone	[62]
	56	Isokaerophyllin	[62]
	57	(−)-yatein	[62]
	58	Chinensinaphthol	[62]
	59	Chaihunaphthone	[62]
Fatty acids	60	Fumaric acid	[64]
	61	Butanedioic acid	[64]
	62	Pentadecanoic acid	[65]
	63	Palmitoleic acid	[65]
	64	Palmitic acid	[65]
	65	Oleic acid	[65]
	66	Stearic acid	[65]
	67	11-Hexadecenoic acid	[65]
	68	13-Octadecenoic acid	[65]
	69	Linoleic acid	[65]
	70	Tetracosanoic acid	[64]
	71	9S,12S,13S-Trihydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid	[63]
Sterols	72	α-Spinasterol	[64]
	73	24ξ-Methylcholesta-7, 22E-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol	[63]
	74	24ξ-Ethylcholest-22E-end-3β,5α,6β-Triol	[63]