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| Reference | Main candidemia finding in the NICU |
|
| Lagrou et al., 2007 [11] | Annual incidence: 0.30 episodes per 10,000 patient-days. |
| Sarvikivi et al., 2005 [12] | Fluconazole prophylaxis contributed to the emergence of C. parapsilosis with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. |
| Spiliopoulou et al., 2012 [13] | Candidemia incidence decreased. C. albicans was most frequently isolated from ELBW infants. Mortality (35.7%) was associated with low gestational age and low birth weight. |
| Lovero et al., 2016 [14] | Incidence rate of Candida non-albicans increased from 46% in 2000–2004 to 71% in 2010–2014. |
| Montagna et al., 2010 [15] | Overall incidence: 1.3 per 100 NICU discharges. The incidence in ELBW infants was 4.3% versus 0.2% in LBW infants. |
| Rodriguez et al., 2006 [17] | Annual incidence: 1.1 per 100 NICU discharges and 1.08 per 1000 patient-days. Low mortality (21%) rate may have been caused by a high prevalence of C. parapsilosis fungemia. |
| Pemán et al., 2011 [18] | C. albicans was more common in the NICU setting than in the pediatric ICU. |
| Yalaz et al., 2006 [19] | Candidemia markedly increased in 2002 compared with previous years. A significant association was found between Candida infection and the duration of antibiotic therapy. |
| Celebi et al., 2012 [20] | Overall incidence: 11.5 per 1000 NICU admissions. The mortality rate was 42.8%. |
| Ozkan et al., 2014 [21] | Gram-positive sepsis (67.6%) was more common than Gram-negative bacteremia (16.6%) and candidemia (15.8%). Candida spp. caused LOS (58.3%), VLOS (41,7%), and no EOS sepsis. |
| Clerihew et al., 2006 [22] | C. parapsilosis was associated with fewer deep-seated infections than C. albicans, but mortality was similar. |
| Vergnano et al., 2011 [23] | A decrease in candidemia was observed: 1.8% in 2006, 1.2% in 2007, and 1.3% in 2008. Candida spp. were more common in LOS (97%) than in EOS (3%) sepsis. |
| Aziz et al., 2010 [24] | Fluconazole prophylactic administration to ELBW infants was associated with a decreased rate of candidemia. |
| Feja et al., 2005 [25] | Overall incidence: 1.6 per 100 NICU discharges. Catheter use, previous bacterial sepsis, and GI pathology were significantly associated with candidemia. |
| Bizzarro et al., 2015 [28] | Candida spp. were more common in LOS than in EOS sepsis. |
| Natarajan et al., 2009 [29] | Candidemia refractory to conventional antifungals was associated with prolonged antibiotic use and Candida non-albicans infection. |
| Robinson et al., 2012 [30] | Overall incidence: 0.45 per 100 NICU discharges. An increased time between blood culture draw and initial antifungal therapy was associated with an increased incidence of persistent candidemia. |
| Batista et al., 2014 [31] | Oral colonization should be considered as a risk factor for candidemia. |
| Hua et al., 2012 [35] | Patients with C. parapsilosis had a significantly longer hospital stay than those with C. albicans sepsis. |
| Wu et al., 2014 [36] | C. guilliermondii was associated with preterm infants and with low birth weight. |
| Chen et al., 2015 [37] | Fluconazole prophylaxis alone was not efficacious; it had to be combined with reinforcement of management and supervision of hand hygiene to effectively prevent invasive candidiasis. |
| Rani et al., 2002 [38] | Candida non-albicans accounted for 96% of the cases of neonatal candidemia. |
| Agarwal et al., 2004 [39] | Overall incidence: 77 per 1000 NICU discharges. Candida non-albicans is gaining importance as a cause of neonatal septicemia. |
| Femitha et al., 2013 [40] | Overall incidence: 0.82 cases per 100 NICU discharges. Mortality was 44.4%. Presence of candiduria was a significant riskfactor for death. |
| Mehara et al., 2013 [41] | Candida spp. were more common in LOS than in EOS sepsis. |
| Juyal et al., 2013 [42] | Candida non-albicans accounted for 80.30% of the cases of neonatal candidemia. The crude mortality was 34.85%. |
| Chaurasia et al., 2015 [43] | Clinical features in neonates with candida sepsis were nonspecific. A common laboratory feature was thrombocytopenia. |
| Al-Sweih et al., 2009 [45] | Overall incidence: 4 per 100 NICU discharges. |
| Hammoud et al., 2013 [46] | C. albicans was the most prevalent species in nonpersistent candidemia. C. parapsilosis was more common among infants with persistent candidemia. Persistent candidemia was associated with an increased risk of mortality. |
| Wu et al., 2009 [48] | The most common causative microorganisms of LOS sepsis were CONS and Candida spp. C. parapsilosis was associated with a high mortality rate. |
| Tsai et al., 2014 [49] | Candidemia had a significantly higher rate of infectious complications, persistent bloodstream infection, and sepsis-attributable mortality than Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteremia. |
| Lim et al., 2012 [50] | Sepsis by Gram-negative bacteria or Candida spp. presented with more severe clinical symptoms and was associated with a higher mortality rate compared with that by Gram-positive bacteria. |
| Chen et al., 2015 [37] | Decrease incidence of candidemia during the study period. |
| Ballot et al., 2013 [51] | Increased incidence of Candida non-albicans during the study period. |
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