Intelligent Physical Exercise Training in a Workplace Setting Improves Muscle Strength and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 1

Baseline characteristics. Data are shown as mean ± SD except for proportion of females. 3 mt = 3 months. 7 d = 7 days. TG = training group, TG ≥ 70% = participants in TG with an adherence of ≥70%, and CG = control group. ^∧ = significant difference between groups.

	TG; ()	TG ≥ 70%; ()	CG; ()	TG versus CG	TG ≥ 70% versus CG
Demographics
Females (%)	73.1	69.7	74.7	0.729	0.388
Age (years)				0.265	0.863
Height (cm)				0.429	0.398
Weight (kg)				0.834	0.723
Fat (%)				0.646	0.647
BMI (kg/m^2)				0.759	0.989
Muscle strength
Back extension (N)				0.941	0.407
Abdominal flexion (N)				0.958	0.479
Right shoulder elevation (N)				0.421	0.336
Left shoulder elevation (N)				0.631	0.632
Right arm abduction (N)				0.298	0.140
Left arm abduction (N)				0.225	0.077
Musculoskeletal pain (scale from 0 to 9)
Neck 3 mt				0.958	0.918
Neck 7 d				0.879	0.840
Right shoulder 3 mt				0.994	0.722
Right shoulder 7 d				0.284	0.401
Left shoulder 3 mt				0.065	0.061
Left shoulder 7 d				0.069	0.078
Upper back 3 mt				0.501	0.554
Upper back 7 d				0.583	0.603
Low back 3 mt				0.125	0.410
Low back 7 d				0.033^∧	0.228