Intelligent Physical Exercise Training in a Workplace Setting Improves Muscle Strength and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3

Baseline and delta values (follow-up values minus baseline values) for pain cases (participants who at baseline had a pain intensity ≥3 for the respective body regions). Data are shown as mean ± SD. 3 mt = 3 months. 7 d = 7 days. TG = training group, TG ≥ 70% = participants in TG with an adherence of 70%, and CG = control group. Musculoskeletal pain (scale from 0 to 9). = significant between groups’ effect (test of one-sided hypothesis). § = significant within group effect. ^∧ = significant difference between TG and CG at baseline.

	TG			TG ≥ 70%			CG			values on delta values
		Baseline	Delta		Baseline	Delta		Baseline	Delta	TG versus CG	TG ≥ 70% versus CG
Neck 3 mt	80									0.133
Neck 7 d	56									0.422	0.348
Right shoulder 3 mt^∧	64									0.664	0.980
Right shoulder 7 d^∧	44									0.712	0.747
Left shoulder 3 mt	35									0.384
Left shoulder 7 d^∧	24									0.245
Upper back 3 mt	56									0.667	0.146
Upper back 7 d	35									0.427	0.149
Low back 3 mt	87									0.482	0.296
Low back 7 d	57									0.429	0.173