Nicotine Enhances Interspecies Relationship between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

Figure 1

Biofilm biomass of single-species and dual-species biofilms at varying nicotine concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/ml) at . The white bars indicate S. mutans, the grey bars indicate C. albicans, and the black bars indicate dual-species of S. mutans and C. albicans. Asterisks indicate the statistical differences compared to the 0 mg/ml nicotine control. The error bars indicate the standard deviation (SD). and ns: no significance.