Cooccurrences of Putative Endogenous Retrovirus-Associated Diseases

Table 1

Cooccurrence of diseases with possible involvement of ERV reactivation.

Number of cases	Association between diseases	Comments	Ref.
MS and schizophrenia
1	n.a.	Case report	[80]
2	n.a.	Case report	[81]
10	n.a.	Research study	[82]
1	n.a.	Case report	[83]
n.a.	Positive	Epidemiological investigation	[84]
3	No association	Population-based register study	[85]
1	n.a.	Case report	[86]
67	Positive	Population-based controlled study	[87]
63	Positive	Population-based register study	[88]
39	No association	Epidemiologic investigation	[89]
36	Negative	Population-based register study	[90]
MS and T1D
5	Positive	Population-based register study	[91]
3	n.a.	Clinical register study	[92]
1	No association	Clinical register study	[93]
28	Positive	Cohort study	[94]
n.a.	Positive	Clinical register study	[95]
11	Positive	Population-based cohort study	[96]
MS and ALS
1	n.a.	Case report	[97]
1	n.a.	Case report	[98]
1	n.a.	Case report	[99]
1	n.a.	Case report	[100]
1	n.a.	Case report	[101]
1	n.a.	Case report	[102]
1	n.a.	Research study	[103]
1	n.a.	Case report	[104]
1	n.a.	Case report	[105]
7	Positive	Epidemiologic investigation	[106]
143	Positive	Clinical register study	[107]
1	No association	Population-based case-control study	[108]
MS and HIV infection
1	n.a.	Case report	[109]
1	n.a.	Case report	[110]
1	No association	Population-based register study	[111]
1	n.a.	Case report	[112]
10	Negative	Comparative cohort study	[113]
1	n.a.	Case report	[114]
1	n.a.	Case report	[115]
Schizophrenia and T1D
0	Negative	Population-based register study	[116]
n.a.	No association	Population-based register study	[117]
24	No association	Population-based register study	[85]
24	Negative	Population-based register study	[118]
Schizophrenia and ALS
2	n.a.	Case report	[119]
1	n.a.	Case report	[120]
2	n.a.	Case report	[121]
1	n.a.	Case report	[122]
1	n.a.	Case report	[123]
2	n.a.	Case report	[124]
2	n.a.	Case report	[125]
2	n.a.	Case report	[126]
Schizophrenia and HIV infection
13	n.a.	Clinical register study	[127]
3	n.a.	Clinical cohort	[128]
8	n.a.	Cohort study	[129]
11	n.a.	Clinical cohort	[130]
10	n.a.	Clinical cohort	[131]
13	n.a.	Clinical cohort	[132]
1	n.a.	Clinical cohort	[133]
476	n.a.	Population-based register study	[134]
7	n.a.	Clinical cohort	[135]
11	n.a.	Clinical cohort	[136]
1	n.a.	Case report	[137]
28	n.a.	No data	[138]
68	Positive	Population-based cohort study	[139]
T1D and ALS
216	Positive	Clinical register study	[107]
43	No association	Population-based case-control study	[140]
T1D and HIV infection
1	n.a.	Case report	[141]
1	n.a.	Case report	[142]
1	n.a.	Case report	[143]
1	n.a.	Case report	[144]
1	n.a.	Case report	[145]
1	n.a.	Case report	[146]
1	n.a.	Case report	[147]
1	n.a.	Case report	[148]
7	n.a.	Clinical register study	[149]
3	n.a.	Case report	[150]
10	n.a.	Population-based register study	[151]
1	n.a.	Case report	[152]
ALS and HIV infection
1	n.a.	Case report	[153]
1	n.a.	Case report	[154]
1	n.a.	Retrospective hospital cohorts	[155]
1	n.a.	Case report	[156]
2	n.a.	Case report	[157]

Not available, not tested, or not presented in the publication.
The number of cases was not reported; the prevalence of psychotic disorders among more than 10,000 MS patients was reported as 1.3%.
The number of cases was inferred from incidence as presented in the publication; the number was not explicitly reported.
Not available; the number of patients was not reported.
No schizophrenia cases were found among 1,154 diabetics below 27 years of age.
Not available; the number of cases was not reported; the prevalence of psychoses among nearly 17,000 patients with T1D was reported as 0.8%.
Number of HIV positive patients developing schizophrenia.