Central Systolic Hypertension in Patients with Well-Controlled Hypertension
Table 7
Aortic stiffness parameters. Division of patients into subgroups according to blood pressure differences. (A) Higher or lower CSBP than the cut-off value of 130 mmHg for central systolic hypertension (equal for women and men). (B) Sex-specific classification: hypertension in women = CSBP ≥ 137 mmHg; hypertension in men = CSBP ≥ 133 mmHg. (C) Lower CSBP than brachial systolic blood pressure or higher CSBP than brachial blood systolic pressure.
Whole group
(A)
(B)
(C)
Division according to cut-off value 130 mmHg
Division according to sex-specific criteria of CSBP
Division according to CSBP to brachial BP
Normotension
Hypertension
value
Normotension
Hypertension
value
Lower CSBP than brachial systolic BP
Higher CSBP than brachial systolic BP
value
CSBP < 130 mmHg
CSBP ≥ 130 mmHg
Male CSBP < 133
Male CSBP ≥ 133
Female CSBP < 137
Female CSBP ≥ 137
Number of patients ()
100
38
62
87
13
45
55
Males/females ()
38/62
19/19
19/43
37/50
1/12
27/18
11/44
Age (years)
64.0 ± 10.7
64.2 ± 11.7
63.9 ± 10.1
63 ± 11
69 ± 9
61.2 ± 12.4
66.3 ± 8.5
Height (cm)
169.3 ± 9.2
171.4 ± 10.0
167.9 ± 8.5
170.3 ± 9.1
162.2 ± 7.1
173.0 ± 9.3
166.2 ± 8.0
Weight (kg)
80.2 ± 15.4
83.5 ± 16.2
78.2 ± 14.7
81.9 ± 15.6
68.8 ± 8.1
87.1 ± 17.4
74.6 ± 2.4
BMI (kg/m2)
27.9 ± 3.9
28.3 ± 4.2
27.6 ± 3.9
28.1 ± 3.9
26.2 ± 3.4
28.9 ± 4.4
27.0 ± 3.3
PWVao (m/s)
9.6 ± 1.8
9.3 ± 1.8
9.7 ± 1.7
9.4 ± 1.7
10.2 ± 1.7
9.2 ± 1.6
9.8 ± 1.8
RT (ms)
113.5 ± 21.6
119.2 ± 22.3
110.1 ± 20.6
115.4 ± 22.1
101.2 ± 13.3
121.8 ± 22.2
106.8 ± 18.7
Aix brachial (%)
0.04 ± 1.80
−14.8 ± 20.1
+9.2 ± 23.5
−2.7 ± 25.5
+18.6 ± 9.9
−21.1 ± 17.1
+17.3 ± 15.4
Aix aortic (%)
32.7 ± 10.3
26.5 ± 8.9
36.4 ± 9.4
31.3 ± 10.3
41.9 ± 4.2
23.7 ± 7.3
40.0 ± 5.7
CSBP
123.2 ± 12.1
111.0 ± 7.1
130.6 ± 7.5
120.2 ± 10.0
142.7 ± 2.1
116 ± 10.1
129 ± 10.3
Brachial systolic BP
123.6 ± 10.1
114.9 ± 8.9
128.9 ± 6.5
121.6 ± 9.3
136.7 ± 1.8
121.9 ± 11.0
125.0 ± 9.2
Δc-bSBP (mmHg)
−0.41 ± 5.9
−3.9 ± 4.2
+1.8 ± 5.3
−1.4 ± 5.7
+5.9 ± 1.6
−5.8 ± 4.2
+4.0 ± 2.3
Brachial/central SBP ratio
1.01 ± 0.04
1.04 ± 0.05
0.99 ± 0.04
1.01 ± 0.05
0.96 ± 0.01
1.05 ± 0.04
0.97 ± 0.02
Pulse pressure, PP (mmHg)
48.8 ± 7.3
46.7 ± 7.3
50.7 ± 6.6
47.4 ± 6.4
58.1 ± 5.9
45.1 ± 10.6
51.6 ± 9.7
Heart rate (b/min)
62.6 ± 8.5
64.5 ± 8.3
61.4 ± 8.5
62.8 ± 8.7
60.8 ± 0.6
65.2 ± 8.5
60.4 ± 8.3
ED (ms)
324.1 ± 25.4
318.3 ± 26.4
327.6 ± 24.2
322.8 ± 25.6
332.2 ± 23.5
315.7 ± 23.1
330.9 ± 25.2
DRA
41.2 ± 12.0
43.5 ± 11.9
39.8 ± 11.0
41.7 ± 11.9
37.7 ± 13.1
45.8 ± 13
37.4 ± 9.8
LVH (), (%)
44 (44%)
10 (26%)
34 (55%)
37 (43%)
7 (54%)
19 (42%)
25 (46%)
GFR [ml/(min/m2)]
81.3 ± 23.3
85.9 ± 27.1
78.4 ± 20.3
82.9 ± 23.5
70.6 ± 20.2
87.8 ± 25.9
76.2 ± 19.8
PWVao: pulse wave velocity in the aorta; Aix brachial: brachial augmentation index; Aix aortic: aortic augmentation index; ED: duration of ejection from the left ventricle; RT: return time; CSBP: central systolic blood pressure = systolic blood pressure in the aorta; Δc-bSBP: difference between central and brachial systolic blood pressure. DRA: diastolic reflection area.