New Frontiers in Genetics, Gut Microbiota, and Immunity: A Rosetta Stone for the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Figure 4

Inflammasomes recognize various exogenous danger signals (PAMPs) and endogenous danger signals (DAMPs) and respond by activating caspase-1 and promoting the production of IL-1β and IL-18. The dysregulated expression of tissue and blood miRNAs and insufficient miRNA-mediated suppression could lead to an excessive immune response and inflammation, and these differential expression miRNAs may help distinguish between UC and CD and provide potential targets for early detection and therapy.