Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Pathogenic in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury and Partially Dependent on TLR4

Figure 1

Ventilation with high-tidal volume causes lung injury. (a) The lung wet-to-dry weight ratio was increased in the HTV group compared with the CON group and the LTV group. (b) The concentration of the total protein in the BALF was significantly elevated in the HTV mice compared to the CON mice and the LTV mice. (c) The number of neutrophils in the BALF was increased in the HTV group. (d)(e) The BALF levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were markedly elevated in the HTV mice compared with the two other groups. (f) The lung injury score in the HTV group was markedly elevated compared to the other groups. (g) Low (magnification 200x, scale bar = 40 μm) and high power (magnification 400x, scale bar = 20 μm) views of the lungs of mice subjected to spontaneous ventilation, protective ventilation, and injurious ventilation. Hematoxylin and eosin stain. CON group: there are no obvious histological changes in the control group; the HTV group mice have much more inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar septal thickening, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage than in the CON and LTV groups. All the data are presented as the mean ± SD. .

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