|
| Combination of natural products with other chemotherapeutic agents | Experimental model | Anticancer/anticarcinogenic effects | Mechanism of action
(↓downregulated)
(↑upregulated) | Reference |
|
| Combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate with all-trans retinoic acid | PANC-1, MiaPaCa-2, and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro);
PANC-1 tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice (in vivo) | Enhanced the inhibitory effect to pancreatic cancer cells | p21↑, caspase-3↑ | [36] |
|
| Combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate with diethyldithiocarbamate | PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro);
PANC-1 tumor xenografts in nude mice (in vivo) | Significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells | NF-κB↓, Bcl-2↓ | [37] |
|
| Combination of parthenolide with sulindac | BxPC-3, PANC-1, and MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro) | Synergistically inhibited the growth of MiaPaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cells and additively inhibited the growth of PANC-1 cells | NF-κB↓, IκBα↑ | [38] |
|
| Combination of celecoxib with dimethylaminoparthenolide | PC-1 pancreatic cancer cells xenografts (in vivo) | Significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells | NF-κB↓, prostaglandin E2↓,
prostaglandin E2 metabolite↓ | [39] |
|
| Combination of triptolide with hydroxycamptothecin | MiaPaCa pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro);
MiaPaCa pancreatic cancer cells xenografts (in vivo) | Enhanced synergistic cytotoxic effect to pancreatic cancer cells | NF-κB↓, caspase-9↑, caspase-3↑ | [40] |
|
| Combination of sulforaphane with 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin | MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro) | Enhanced the inhibitory effect to pancreatic cancer cells | Caspase-3↑, Hsp90↓ | [41] |
|
| Combination of gossypol with BRD4770 (an HMT G9a inhibitor) | PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro) | Enhanced the cytotoxicity to p53-mutant PANC-1 cells in a synergistic manner | LC3-II↑,
autophagosome↑ | [42] |
|
| Combination of Chinese herbs SPES with PC-SPES | MIA, PANC-1, BxPC, ASPC, HS-766T, CaPan-2, CFPAC, and HTB-147 pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro) | Exhibited significant toxicity to pancreatic cancer cells | | [43] |
|
| Combination of Moringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract with cisplatin | PANC-1, p34 and COLO 357 pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro) | Synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect to pancreatic cancer cells | p65↓, p-IkBα↓, IkBα↓ | [44] |
|
