Natural Products as Adjunctive Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements

Table 3

Summary of pharmacological studies of combination between natural products.

Combination between natural products	Experimental model	Anticancer/anticarcinogenic effects	Mechanism of action	Reference
Combination of (−)-gossypol with genistein	BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro)	Significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells	Bcl-XL/Bim heterodimerization↓,; NF-κB↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-XL↓	[45]
Combination of sulforaphane with quercetin	Pancreatic cancer stem cells (in vitro)	Significantly eliminated the growth of pancreatic cancer stem cells	Bcl-2↓, XIAP↓, p-FKHR↓, caspase-3↑, beta-catenin↓, vimentin↓, twist-1↓, ZEB1↓	[46]
Combination of wogonin with apigenin and chrysin	CaPan-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells (in vitro)	Enhanced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of CaPan-1 human pancreatic carcinoma cells	c-FLIP↓, p53↑, Mdm2↓, TRAIL-R2↑	[47]
Combination of metformin with aspirin	PANC-1 and BxPC3 pancreatic carcinoma cells (in vitro); PANC-1 xenograft mouse model (in vivo)	Significantly inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells	p-mTOR↓, p-STAT3↓, caspase-3↑, PARP cleavage↑, Mcl-1↓, Bcl-2↓, Bim↑, Puma↑	[48]