Research Article
Effectiveness of Different Pain Control Methods in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis after Knee Arthroplasty
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of participants (N = 177).
| Variables | Group 1 () | Group 2 () | value | | % | Mean ± SD | | % | Mean ± SD |
| Gender | | | | | | | .020 | Male | 44 | 36.7 | | 11 | 19.3 | | | Female | 76 | 63.3 | | 46 | 80.7 | | | Age (years) | | | | | | | .249 | Weight | | | | | | | .930 | Education level | | | | | | | .436 | Preschool | 21 | 17.5 | | 13 | 22.8 | | | Elementary/secondary | 74 | 61.7 | | 26 | 45.6 | | | High school/vocational | 25 | 20.8 | | 18 | 31.6 | | | Surgical site | | | | | | | .904 | Left knee | 62 | 51.7 | | 30 | 52.6 | | | Right knee | 58 | 48.3 | | 27 | 47.4 | | | Smoking history | | | | | | | .035 | No | 99 | 82.5 | | 55 | 96.5 | | | Yes | 11 | 9.2 | | 1 | 1.8 | | | Formerly | 10 | 8.3 | | 1 | 1.8 | | | Drinking history | | | | | | | .061 | No | 102 | 85.0 | | 54 | 94.7 | | | Yes | 18 | 15.0 | | 3 | 5.3 | | | Analgesic intake | | | | | | | .965 | No | 72 | 60.0 | | 34 | 59.6 | | | Yes | 48 | 40.0 | | 23 | 40.4 | | | Chronic conditions | | | | | | | .336 | No | 22 | 18.3 | | 14 | 24.6 | | | Yes | 98 | 81.7 | | 43 | 75.4 | | | Surgical experience | | | | | | | .751 | No | 30 | 25.0 | | 13 | 22.8 | | | Yes | 90 | 75.0 | | 44 | 77.2 | | | Anesthetic experience | | | | | | | .938 | No | 28 | 23.3 | | 13 | 22.8 | | | Yes | 92 | 76.7 | | 44 | 77.2 | | | Type of anesthetic | | | | | | | .168 | General anesthesia | 111 | 92.5 | | 49 | 85.9 | | | Spinal anesthesia | 9 | 7.5 | | 8 | 14.0 | | | Average preoperative pain (NRS) | | | | | | | .964 | Highest preoperative pain (NRS) | | | | | | | .984 | Preoperative knee angle | | | | | | | .956 |
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