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| Type of cells | Animal model | Examples of similar human disease or state | Cellular mechanisms involved |
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| Differentiated hepatocytes | Homeostatic regeneration, partial hepatectomy (rat, mouse), choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet (mouse), chronic CCl4 (mouse), diethyldithiocarbamate- (DDC-) induced liver damage (mouse), α-naphthylisothiocyanate- (ANIT-) induced liver damage (mouse) | Homeostatic regeneration, partial liver resection (cancer, bleeding after mechanical trauma, etc.), organ mass restoration after partial liver transplantation, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, acute or chronic liver failure | Hypertrophy followed by hyperplasia and differentiation into hepatocytes or transdifferentiation into cholangiocytes; debated if all or a subpopulation (e.g., hybrid periportal hepatocytes) of hepatocytes participate |
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| LSPCs | Liver poisoning by dipin, retrorsine, galactosamine (rat, mouse), CDE diet (mouse), chronic CCl4 (mouse), DDC-induced liver damage (mouse), ANIT-induced liver damage (mouse), and so forth | Acute or chronic liver failure, including liver tissue necrosis after poisoning or partial liver transplantation | Expansion and differentiation into hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and probably other liver cell types; debated if this mechanism of liver regeneration exists |
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| Blood-borne HSCs | Hepatocyte proliferation blockade combined with liver injury to induce oval cell proliferation after cross-sex bone marrow transplantation (rat, mouse, pig) | Any disease or state; liver transplantation | Transdifferentiation into hepatocytes; after liver transplantation transdifferentiated HSCs substitute donor hepatocytes; debated what subpopulation of HSCs (“endodermal progenitors,” multipotent precursors) participate; dusion with resident hepatocytes (?) |
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| Blood-borne MSCs | Transplantation of human MSCs into immunodeficient partially hepatectomized immunodeficient mice, hepatocyte proliferation blockade combined with liver injury to induce oval cell proliferation after cross-sex bone marrow transplantation (rat, mouse, pig) | Any disease or state; liver transplantation | Transdifferentiation into hepatocytes and other liver cell types; after liver transplantation transdifferentiated MSCs substitute donor hepatocytes; debated what subpopulation of MSCs (Muse cells or others) participate; fusion with resident hepatocytes (?) |
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