Bioconversion of Sugarcane Vinasse into High-Added Value Products and Energy

Table 3

Parameters of submerged fermentation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1 in conventional medium and medium with vinasse and characteristics of biosurfactants produced under the same initial conditions.

Parameters/characteristics	BS-V	BS-C
Final time (h)	240	120
Rhamnolipids (g/L)	2.72 ± 0.12	3.22 ± 0.80
Biomass (g/L)	1.90 ± 0.06	1.96 ± 0.04
Glycerol (g/L)	19.34 ± 1.04	24.28 ± 1.53
(g/g)	1.43	1.64
(g/g)	0.14	0.13
(g/L·h)	0.011	0.027
(g/L·h)	0.081	0.202
Surface tension (mN/m)	29.17 ± 0.06	28.64 ± 0.14
Critical Micelle Concentration (mg/L)	80.3	87.1

, difference between final and initial concentrations of rhamnolipid, biomass, and glycerol; , yield of rhamnolipid per unit of cell mass produced; , yield of rhamnolipid per unit of substrate (glycerol) consumed; , volumetric rhamnolipid production rate; , volumetric glycerol consumption rate.