The Interaction between HIV and Intestinal Helminth Parasites Coinfection with Nutrition among Adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Table 2
Anthropometric, biochemical, and haematologic measures of nutritional status among HIV singly infected, helminth singly infected, and HIV-helminth coinfected participants.
Variables
Reference ranges
Uninfected ()
HIV infected ()
Helminth infected ()
HIV-helminth coinfected ()
Body mass index
kg/m2
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
p value
Under-weight
<18.5
0 (0.0)
3 (50. 0)
2 (33.3)
1 (16.7)
0.089
Normal weight
18.5–24.9
35 (34.7)
28 (27.7)
24 (23.8)
14 (13.9)
Overweight
25.0–29.9
30 (39.0)
18 (23.4)
16 (20.8)
13 (16.9)
Obese
≥30.0
39 (51.3)
13 (17.1)
20 (26.3)
4 (5.3)
Nutritional status
Reference ranges
Median (IQR)
Median (IQR)
Median (IQR)
Median (IQR)
value
Total protein (g/l)
60–85
73.0 (71.0–78.0)
78.0 (74.0–85.0)
75.0 (72.0–78.0)
78.0 (75.0–82.0)
<0.001
Albumin (g/l)
35–52
40.0 (37.0–42.0)
37.0 (36.0–40.0)
39.0 (37.0–42.0)
39.0 (37.0–41.0)
<0.001
Prealbumin (mg/dl)
18–38
21.8 (18.4–25.3)
20.9 (17.9–25.4)
23.5 (19.3–26.8)
21.1 (17.8–22.6)
<0.001
Iron (umol/l)
6.6–28.0
12.0 (8.0–16.0)
13.0 (9.0–17.0)
13.0 (9.0–18.0)
12.0 (8.0–17.0)
<0.001
Transferrin (g/l)
1.85–4.05
2.77 (2.45–3.11)
2.63 (2.38–2.96)
2.74 (2.48–3.07)
2.62 (2.20–2.94)
<0.001
% Transferrin saturation
20–55
20.0 (13.0–26.0)
23.5 (18.0–29.0)
21.0 (14.0–29.0)
22.0 (13.0–27.0)
<0.001
Ferritin (ng/ml)
30–400
48.9 (24.1–76.9)
38.5 (23.4–75.0)
44.4 (25.2–73.4)
40.5 (18.4–49.3)
<0.001
Calcium (mmol/l)
2.15–2.62
2.31 (2.25–2.37)
2.30 (2.22–2.36)
2.34 (2.28–2.40)
2.32 (2.23–2.38)
<0.001
Magnesium (mmol/l)
0.65–1.05
0.89 (0.84–0.95)
0.88 (0.83–0.92)
0.88 (0.81–0.94)
0.89 (0.81–0.96)
<0.001
Phosphate (mmol/l)
0.80–1.55
1.08 (0.94–1.22)
1.09 (0.97–1.20)
1.12 (0.97–1.28)
1.14 (0.99–1.27)
0.098
Zinc (umol/l)
9.2–18.4
11.55 (9.1–13.7)
12.7 (10.5–16.3)
11.95 (9.80–14.50)
12.3 (9.6–14.8)
<0.001
C-reactive protein (mg/l)
0–5
3.85 (1.05–9.25)
2.60 (0.00–7.20)
3.10 (0.00–6.10)
3.00 (1.00–6.50)
<0.001
Haemoglobin (g/dl)
12.3–15.3
12.6 (11.9–13.5)
12.3 (11.7–13.3)
12.8 (12.0–13.5)
12.4 (11.8–13.4)
<0.001
Haematocrit (l/l)
0.4–0.56
0.39 (0.36–0.41)
0.38 (0.36–0.40)
0.39 (0.37–0.41)
0.39 (0.35–0.40)
<0.001
White cell count (×109/l)
4.0–10.0
5.99 (4.96–7.07)
5.19 (4.35–6.15)
6.46 (5.58–8.37)
6.69 (4.95–8.48)
<0.001
Absolute neutrophils (×109/l)
2.0–7.5
2.97 (2.29–3.89)
2.29 (1.71–3.03)
3.37 (2.44–4.69)
3.25 (2.37–4.50)
<0.001
Absolute lymphocytes (×109/l)
1.5–4.0
2.22 (1.87–2.58)
2.00 (1.71–2.40)
2.34 (1.85–2.79)
2.35 (1.85–2.74)
<0.001
Absolute eosinophils (×109/l)
0.04–0.4
0.12 (0.08–0.22)
0.12 (0.08–0.25)
0.24 (0.12–0.42)
0.23 (0.09–0.49)
<0.001
Absolute basophils (×109/l)
0.00–0.10
0.02 (0.01–0.02)
0.01 (0.01–0.02)
0.02 (0.02–0.03)
0.02 (0.01–0.03)
<0.001
; IQR, interquartile range specifying first quantile (q25%) and third quantile (q75%).
