The Interaction between HIV and Intestinal Helminth Parasites Coinfection with Nutrition among Adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Table 3

Multivariate multinomial probit model of nutritional factors associated with HIV singly infected, helminth singly infected, and HIV-helminth coinfected groups (base category: uninfected group).

Variables	HIV infected ()			Helminth infected (n = 62)			HIV-helminth coinfected (n = 33)
	β	95% CI	value	β	95% CI	value	β	95% CI	value
Body mass index
Underweight	Ref			Ref			Ref
Normal weight	15.90	1629.81–1598.01	0.985	15.02	1628.92–1598.89	0.985	16.59	1630.50–1597.31	0.984
Overweight	16.32	1630.23–1597.589	0.984	15.23	1629.17–1598.65	0.985	16.23	1630.14–1597.68	0.984
Obese	16.98	1630.89–1596.926	0.984	15.70	1629.61–1598.21	0.985	17.63	1631.54–1596.28	0.983
Nutritional status
Total protein (g/l)	0.16	(0.08–0.24)	<0.001	−0.01	(−0.10–0.07)	0.747	0.16	(0.07–0.25)	<0.001
Albumin (g/l)	−0.26	(−0.45–0.08)	0.005	−0.16	(−0.33–0.01)	0.065	−0.12	(−0.35–0.10)	0.288
Prealbumin (mg/dl)	0.10	(−0.01–0.21)	0.078	0.08	(−0.02–0.18)	0.105	−0.03	(−0.17–0.11)	0.656
Iron (umol/l)	0.00	(−0.34–0.34)	0.992	0.06	(−0.19–0.31)	0.628	−0.49	(−1.03–0.05)	0.073
Transferrin (g/l)	−0.26	(−1.78–1.25)	0.735	−0.08	(−1.33–1.17)	0.895	0.18	(−1.91–2.27)	0.865
% Transferrin saturation	0.07	(−0.15–0.28)	0.531	−0.01	(−0.18–0.15)	0.879	0.34	(0.02–0.67)	0.040
Ferritin (ng/ml)	−0.01	(−0.02–0.00)	0.102	0.00	(−0.01–0.00)	0.399	−0.03	(−0.06–0.01)	0.006
Calcium (mmol/l)	0.13	(−4.97–5.22)	0.961	5.32	(−2.50–11.13)	0.073	0.75	(−6.25–7.75)	0.833
Magnesium (mmol/l)	−3.36	(−8.62–1.90)	0.210	−2.60	(−7.40–2.19)	0.287	0.11	(−6.05–6.27)	0.971
Phosphate (mmol/l)	1.28	(−0.99–3.55)	0.268	−0.14	(−2.15–1.87)	0.891	0.39	(−2.32–3.10)	0.779
Zinc (umol/l)	0.07	(−0.03–0.17)	0.149	0.05	(−0.04–0.14)	0.237	0.00	(−0.12–0.11)	0.934
Haemoglobin (g/dl)	−0.12	(−1.29–1.05)	0.841	−0.49	(−1.61–0.63)	0.390	0.23	(−1.28–1.74)	0.765
Haematocrit (l/l)	2.89	(−38.99–44.77)	0.892	21.55	(−18.19–61.29)	0.288	−0.38	(−55.10–54.33)	0.989
White cell count (×10^9/l)	0.92	(−2.07–3.92)	0.546	−2.27	(−5.22–0.68)	0.132	1.07	(−2.66–4.80)	0.572
Absolute neutrophils (×10^9/l)	−1.18	(−4.32–1.95)	0.459	2.63	(−0.48–5.73)	0.097	−0.74	(−4.65–3.18)	0.712
Absolute lymphocytes (×10^9/l)	−1.49	(−4.68–1.70)	0.359	2.42	(−0.77–5.61)	0.137	−0.99	(−4.96–2.97)	0.623
Absolute eosinophils (×10^9/l)	−1.53	(−5.68–2.62)	0.469	5.07	(1.52–8.63)	0.005	2.43	(−1.90–6.76)	0.272
Absolute basophils (×10^9/l)	−22.77	(−62.67–17.13)	0.263	0.53	(−32.59–33.65)	0.975	−24.12	(−66.90–18.67)	0.269