Review Article
Effect of Zirconia Dental Implant Surfaces on Bone Integration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 1
Characteristics of studies included in review.
| | Study, year | Animal | Implant no, dimensions (mm2 × mm) | Manufacturer | Material | Surface treatment | BIC (%) | RT (N/cm) |
| | (Thoma et al. 2015) | Dog | 48 | | | | 6 months: | | | 4 × 8 | VITA Zahnfabrik | One piece Zr | — | 87.71 ± 25.07 | — | | 3.7 × 9 | Metoxit | One piece Zr | Microporous | 78.58 ± 17.26 | — | | 4.1 × 8 | BPI | Two piece Zr | Nanostructured and hydrophilic | 84.17 ± 25.07 | — | | 3.3 × 8 | Straumann | One piece Ti | Sandblasted and etched | 87.85 ± 13.59 | — |
| | (Kim et al. 2015) | Rabbit | | | | | 4 weeks: | | | 64 | Dentime | Zr | Machined | 32.15 ± 10.76 | 19.44 | | 4 × 7 | Cetatech | Zr | PIM roughened | 58.38 ± 11.28 | 57.63 |
| | (Park et al. 2013) | Rabbit | | | | | 4 weeks: | | | 80 | Chaorum | Ti | Machined | 42.54 ± 10.26 | 10.56 ± 6.03 | | 4 × 7 | Cetatech | Zr | PIM untreated | 61.63 ± 12.39 | 44.24 ± 8.41 | | | Cetatech | Zr | PIM roughened | 64.42 ± 11.45 | 64 ± 35 ± 10.46 |
| | (Chung et al. 2013) | Rabbit | 100 | | | | 4 weeks: | | | 4 × 7 | Cetatech | Zr | PIM untreated | 59.59 ± 11.50 | 45 ± 63 ± 10.78 | | | Cetatech | Zr | PIM roughened | 61.52 ± 12.96 | 64.99 ± 12.21 |
| | (Shon et al. 2014) | Rabbit | | | | | 4 weeks: | | | 100 | Cetatech | Zr | PIM untreated | 58.26 ± 10.09 | 39.7 ± 11.69 | | 4 × 7 | Cetatech | Zr | PIM roughened | 56.93 ± 12.95 | 59.21 ± 12.35 | | | Cetatech | Zr | PIM untreated + He plasma | 70.87 ± 9.11 | 46.75 ± 13.15 | | | Cetatech | Zr | PIM roughened + He plasma | 72.27 ± 10.31 | 60.98 ± 12.70 |
| | (Gahlert et al. 2012) | Minipig | 36 | Straumann AG | Zr | Hydrofluoric acid | 4 weeks: 70 ± 14.5 | — | | 4.1 × 10 | | | | 8 weeks: 67.1 ± 21.1 | — | | | | | | 12 weeks: 68.3 ± 22.8 | — | | | Straumann AG | Ti | SLA | 4 weeks: 64.7 ± 9.4 | — | | | | | | 8 weeks: 68.3 ± 22.8 | — | | | | | | 12 weeks 83.7 ± 10.3 | — |
| | (Montero et al. 2015) | Dog | 32 | | | | 5 months | | | 3.8 × 8 | Metoxit AG | Zr | Machined | 57 ± 15.2 | — | | | Microdent | Ti | — | 56.5 ± 14.4 | — |
| | (Hoffmann et al. 2012) | Rabbit | 96 | -system AG | Zr | Machined | 6 weeks: 32.996 ± 14.192 | 35.409 ± 9.063 | | 3.25 × 6 | | | | 12 weeks: 33.746 ± 14.529 | 40.591 ± 17.081 | | | -system AG | Zr | Laser modified | 6 weeks: 39.965 ± 13.194 | 26.309 ± 11.415 | | | | | | 12 weeks: 43.87 ± 14.544 | 39.708 ± 9.819 | | | -system AG | Zr | Sandblasted | 6 weeks: 39.614 ± 15.029 | 19.590 ± 12.128 | | | | | | 12 weeks: 41.350 ± 15.816 | 28.727 ± 18.766 | | | — | Ti | Acid etched | 6 weeks: 34.155 ± 15.816 | 39.818 ± 14.093 | | | | | | 12 weeks: 34.818 ± 12.209 | 51.909 ± 16.149 |
| | (Aboushelib et al. 2013) | Rabbit | 60 | — | Zr | Machined | 4 weeks: 53.30 ± 4.2 | — | | 3.7 × 8 | | | | 6 weeks: 62.14 ± 2.8 | — | | | Zimmer Dental | Ti | SLA | 4 weeks: 56.93 ± 3.9 | — | | | | | | 6 weeks: 68.31 ± 4.2 | — | | | — | Zr | Selective infiltration | 4 weeks: 65.38 ± 5.7 | — | | | | | etching | 6 weeks: 75.01 ± 5.1 | — |
| | (Koch et al. 2010) | Dog | 48 | | | | 4 months: | | | | — | Zr | Machined | 59.11 ± 7.45 | — | | | — | Zr | TiO2 coated | 55.83 ± 13.92 | — | | | — | Ti | Sandblasted | 40.91 ± 10.11 | — | | | — | Peek | — | 26 ± 8.9 | — |
| | (Shin et al. 2011) | Rabbit | 20 | | | | 6 weeks: | | | 3.5 × 6.6 | — | Zr | Machined | 26 ± 17.2 | 18.2 ± 2.69 | | | — | Ti | Machined | 35.8 ± 21.8 | 10.9 ± 7.82 |
| | (Gahlert et al. 2009) | Pigs | 30 | Straumann AG | Zr | Hydrofluoric acid | 4 weeks: 27.1 ± 3.5 | — | | 4.1 × 10 | | | | 8 weeks: 51.9 ± 14 | — | | | | | | 12 weeks: 51.1 ± 12.4 | — | | | Straumann AG | Ti | SLA | 4 weeks: 23.5 ± 7.5 | — | | | | | | 8 weeks: 53.3 ± 27.6 | — | | | | | | 12 weeks: 58.5 ± 11.4 | — |
| | (Schliephake et al. 2010) | Minipig | 72 | SPI EIEMENT | Zr | Sandblasted | 4 weeks: 57.5 ± 14.3 | 4 weeks: 55.9 ± 18.4 | | 4.2 × 8 | | | | 13 weeks: 54.6 ± 17.6 | 13 weeks: 99.4 ± 30.9 | | | — | Zr | Sandblasted and etched | 4 weeks: 66.7 ± 15.8 | 4 weeks: 111.8 ± 42.4 | | | | | | 13 weeks: 57.6 ± 23.7 | 13 weeks: 100.3 ± 47 | | | — | Ti | Sandblasted and etched | 4 weeks: 69.3 ± 17 | 4 weeks: 244.5 ± 34.9 | | | | | | 13 weeks: 78.9 ± 5.8 | 13 weeks: 221.9 ± 27.1 |
| | (Depprich et al. 2008) | Minipig | 48 | — | Zr | Acid etched | 1 week; 35.3 ± 10.8 | — | | 3.5 × 9 | | | | 4 weeks: 45.3 ± 15.7 | — | | | | | | 12 weeks: 71.4 ± 17.8 | — | | | — | Ti | Acid etched | 1 week; 47.7 ± 9.1 | — | | | | | | 4 weeks: 58.6 ± 9.5 | — | | | | | | 12 weeks: 82.9 ± 10.7 | — |
| | Kohal et al. 2016 | Monkey | 24 | | | | 9 months: | | | 4 × 13 | — | Ti | SLA | 72.9 ± 14 | — | | 4 × 15 | — | Zr | Sandblasted | 67.4 ± 17 | — |
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