Ethnobotany of Indigenous Saraguros: Medicinal Plants Used by Community Healers “Hampiyachakkuna” in the San Lucas Parish, Southern Ecuador

Table 4

Ethnopharmacological reports of medicinal species used by herb man “Yurakhampiyachak.”

Number	Scientific name	Herbarium voucher	Medicinal use	Preparation	Used part	Administration
1	Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad.; Cucurbitaceae	PPN-cu-004	Earache	Heat	Fruit	Topic
2	Allium sativum L.; Liliaceae	PPN-li-001	Cough	Crushed	Garlic	Oral
3	Medicago sativa L.; Fabaceae	PPN-fa-017	Circulatory problems in the blood system, particularly loss of sensation in the body extremities (e.g., hands, feet, and/or toes)	Liquefied	Leaves	Oral
4	Phytolacca americana L.; Phytolaccaceae	PPN-ph-003	Dandruff	Crushed	Fruit	Topic
5	Nasturtium officinale R. Br.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-002	Malaise of the body and headache	Crushed	Whole	Oral
6	Nasturtium officinale R. Br.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-002	Pneumonia	Crushed	Leaves	Oral
7	Ageratum conyzoides L.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-037	Gangrene and infection	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
8	Prunus serotina Ehrh.; Rosaceae	PPN-ro-010	Postpartum bath and bone pain.	Cooked	Leaves	Bath
9	Cedrela montana Moritz ex Turcz.; Meliaceae	PPN-ml-004	Postpartum bath and bone pain.	Cooked	Leaves	Bath
10	Aloysia triphylla (L’Hér.) Britton,; Verbenaceae	PPN-ve-002	Colds and colic	Infusion	Leaves	Oral
11	Lepidium sp.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-008	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
12	Oxalis peduncularis Kunth.; Oxalidaceae	PPN-ox-002	Infection of the throat	Crushed	Whole plant	Topic:
13	Oxalis spiralis Ruiz & Pav.; Oxalidaceae	PPN-ox-003	Infection of the throat	Crushed	Whole	Topic
14	Dianthus caryophyllus; Caryophyllaceae	PPN-cd-001	Stomach pain	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
15	Brassica oleracea L.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-007	Inflammation of the liver and kidneys	Crushed	Stems	Oral
16	Equisetum bogotense; Equisetaceae	PPN-eq-001	Inflammation of the liver	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
17	Oreocallis grandiflora (Lam.) R. Br.; Proteaceae	PPN-ti-001	Inflammation of the liver and kidneys	Cooked	Flowers	Oral
18	Coriandrum sativum L.; Apiaceae	PPN-ap-010	Menstrual related abdominal pain	Infusion	Whole plant	Oral
19	Tibouchina laxa (Desr.) Cogn.; Melastomataceae	PPN-me-003	Infection of the eyes in guinea pig (has not been applied in humans)	Crushed	Flowers	Ocular application
20	Iresine herbstii Hook.; Amaranthaceae	PPN-am-001	Infection intestinal, injuries, liver and kidney	Crushed	Stems	Oral
21	Epidendrum cochlidium Lindl.; Orchidaceae	PPN-or-006	Nerves	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
22	Passiflora ligularis Juss.; Passifloraceae	PPN-pa-001	Diarrhea in children of 1 to 6 months of age	Warmed	Leaves	Topic
23	Rumex tolimensis Wedd.; Polygonaceae	PPN-pl-005	Growing hair and dandruff control	Crushed	Stems	Topic (wash hair)
24	Myrcianthes rhopaloides (Kunth).; Myrtaceae	PPN-my-001	Cold	Artisan	Stems	It is used in agriculture
25	Paepalanthus ensifolius Mart.; Eriocaulaceae	PPN-el-002	Nerves	Water stored	Leaves	Oral
26	Sigesbeckia mandoni Schult.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-051	Diarrhea in children of 1 to 6 months of age	Wormed	Leaves	Topic
27	Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A. C.; Ericaceae	PPN-er-005	Reduces diarrhea and general malaise	Juice or food directly	Fruit	Oral
28	Drimys granadensis L. f.; Winteraceae	PPN-wn-001	Sore teeth	Crushed	Bark of the plant	Topic
29	Zea mays L.; Poaceae	PPN-po-012	Reduces diarrhea and general malaise	Infusion	Hair of Z. mays dry	Oral
30	Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav.; Tropaeolaceae	PPN-tr-001	Prostate	Cooked	Tubers	Oral:
31	Salvia scutellarioides K.; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-014	Infection of wounds	Cooked	Leaves	Wash the affected site
32	Mentha spicata; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-027	Colic stomach and cold	Cooked	Leaves	Oral
33	Myrica pubescens Humb. & Bonpl.; Myricaceae	PPN-mr-001	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	It is used across clean.	Leaves	Topical and oral
34	Clematis haenkeana C. Pres.; Ranunculaceae	PPN-ra-003	Sore teeth	Crushed	Buds	Topic
35	Rubus urticifolius Poir.; Rosaceae	PPN-ro-005	Gangrene	Crushed	Buds and/flowers	Oral
36	Gaultheria erecta Vent.; Eriaceae	PPN-er-008	Physical exhaustion	Eats	Fruit	Oral
37	Bidens andicola Kunth.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-005	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
38	Juglans neotropica Diles.; Juglandaceae	PPN-ju-001	Postpartum bath	Cooked	Leaves	Bath
39	Chenopodium ambrosioides L.; Chenopodiaceae	PPN-ch-001	Gallbladder stones	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
40	Viola dombeyana DC.; Violaceae	PPN-vi-004	Nerves	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
41	Fuchsia hybrida hort. ex Siebert & Voss.; Onagraceae	PPN-on-005	Nerves	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
42	Viola arguta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Violaceae	PPN-vi-002	Nerves	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
43	Siphocampylus scandens (Kunth) G.; Campanulaceae	PPN-cp-001	Nerves	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
44	Petroselinum crispum (Mill.); Apiaceae	PPN-ap-003	Nerves	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
45	Disterigma alaternoides (Kunth) Ericaceae	PPN-er-006	Physical exhaustion	Eats	Fruit	Oral
46	Poterium sanguisorba L.; Rosaceae	PPN-ro-008	Nerves	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
47	Clinopodium sp.; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-024	Menstrual related abdominal pain and cold	Infusion	Whole plant	Oral
48	Myrteola phylicoides (Benth.); Myrtaceae	PPN-my-006	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	It is used directly	Leaves	Topic
49	Clinopodium taxifolium (Kunth); Lamiaceae	PPN-la-002	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e. “bad air” in Spanish)	It is used directly	Leaves	Topic
50	Achyrocline hallii Hieron.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-058	Injuries	Place in the affected site	Leaves	Topic
51	Fuchsia hypoleuca I. M. Johnst.; Onagraceae	PPN-on-009	Nerves	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
52	Cleome longifolia C. Pres.; Capparaceae	PPN-ck-001	Rheumatism	Crushed	Leaves	Topic
53	Cestrum sendtnerianum Mart.; Solanaceae	PPN-so-003	Fever, headache and relapse	Infusion	Leaves	Oral
54	Cestrum sp.; Solanaceae	PPN-so-004	Fever, headache and relapse	Infusion	Leaves	Oral
55	Bidens pilosa L.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-002	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
56	Pontederia sp.; Pontederiaceae	PPN-pk-001	Sore teeth	Chew	Leaves	Topic
57	Macrocarpaea lenae J. R. Grant; Gentianaceae	PPN-gn-003	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Clean	Leaves	Topic
58	Piper ecuadorense Sodiro.; Piperaceae	PPN-pi-007	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e. “bad air” in Spanish)	Clean.	Leaves	Topic
59	Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.); Solanaceae	PPN-so-014	Infection of the throat	Cooked	Fruit	Oral
60	Carica pubescens Lenné & C. Koch.; Caricaceae	PPN-cc-003	Nerves and diarrhea	Cooked	Fruit	Oral
61	Melissa officinalis L.; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-004	Nerves	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
62	Physalis peruviana L.; Solanaceae	PPN-so-013	Cholesterol	Juices	Fruit	Oral
63	Gaiadendron punctatum (Ruiz & Pav.); Loranthaceae	PPN-lo-001	Strong cough	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
64	Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J. W.; Fabaceae	PPN-fa-005	Diarrhea	Infusion or cooking	Flowers	Oral
65	Cavendishia bracteata (Ruiz & Pav.); Ericaceae	PPN-er-003	Feed	Eats	Fruit	Oral
66	Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.; Apiaceae	PPN-ap-001	Elimination of the placenta in cattle	Cooked	Leaves	Oral
67	Cucurbita maxima Dúchense.; Cucurbitaceae	PPN-cu-005	Diarrhea in children of 1 to 6 months of age	Warmed in the hands palms	Leaves	Topic

Plants used in mythological cases.