Ethnobotany of Indigenous Saraguros: Medicinal Plants Used by Community Healers “Hampiyachakkuna” in the San Lucas Parish, Southern Ecuador

Table 5

Ethnopharmacological report of medicinal plants used by visionary “Rikuyhampiyachak.”

Number	Scientific name	Herbarium voucher	Medicinal use	Preparation	Used part	Administration
1	Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad.; Cucurbitaceae	PPN-cu-004	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
2	Scirpus sp.; Cyperaceae	PPN-cy-004	Child restless and confused, and postpartum bath	Cooked	Whole plant	Bath
3	Alnus acuminata Kunth.; Betulaceae	PPN-be-001	Headache	Heated	Leaves	Topic
4	Amaranthus cruentus L.; Amaranthaceae	PPN-am-002	Menstrual related abdominal pain	Cooked	Leaves	Oral
5	Nasturtium officinale R. Br.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-002	Headache	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
6	Borago officinalis L.; Boraginaceae	PPN-bo-001	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”) and cough	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
7	Triumfetta althaeoides Lam.; Tiliaceae	PPN-ti-001	Inflammation of the liver and kidneys	Infusion	Leaves	Oral
8	Salvia scutellarioides Kunth.; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-014	Water of air	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
9	Ageratum conyzoides L.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-031	Gangrene and infection	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
10	Centaurium erythraea Rafn.; Gentianaceae	PPN-gn-001	Malaise of the body	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
11	Sonchus oleraceus L.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-037	Malaise of the body	Infusion	Whole plant	Oral
12	Lepidium sp.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-008	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
13	Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook. f.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-054	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
14	Lepidium chichicara Desv.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-004	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
15	Tagetes terniflora Kunth, Nov.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-006	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	It is used directly	Leaves	Topic
16	Urtica urens L.; Urticaceae	PPN-ur-004	Intestinal Infection	Infusion	Whole plant	Oral
17	Oxalis peduncularis Kunth.; Oxalidaceae	PPN-ox-002	Infection of the throat	Crushed	Whole plant	Topic
18	Diplostephium oblanceolatum S. F. Blake; Asteraceae	PPN-as-045	Malaise of the body	Cooked	Leaves	Oral
19	Cupressus lusitanica Mill.; Cupressaceae	PPN-cp-001	Control baldness	Macerate	Fruit	Topic
20	Dianthus caryophyllus; Caryophyllaceae	PPN-cd-001	Stomach pain	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
21	Brassica oleracea L.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-007	Infection liver and kidneys	Crushed	Stems	Oral
22	Equisetum bogotense Kunth.; Equisetaceae	PPN-eq-001	Inflammation of the liver	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
23	Peperomia peltigera C. DC.; Piperaceae	PPN-pi-010	Headache	Warm Fire	Fruit	Inhalation
24	Peperomia galioides Kunth.; Piperaceae	PPN-pi-004	Water of air	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
25	Baccharis oblongifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-047	Child restless and confused, postpartum bath	Cooked	Branches	Bath
26	Oreocallis grandiflora (Lam.) R. Br.; Proteaceae	PPN-pr-001	Inflammation of the liver	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
27	Niphogeton dissecta (Benth.) J. F. Macbr; Apiaceae	PPN-ap-010	Cold	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
28	Apium leptophyllum L.; Apiaceae	PPN-ap-006	Cold	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
29	Adiantum poiretii Wikstr.; Pteriadaceae	PPN-pt-001	Cold	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
30	Iresine herbstii Hook.; Amaranthaceae	PPN-am-001	Infection: intestinal, liver and kidneys	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
31	Eucalyptus globulus Labill.; Myrtaceae	PPN-my-007	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
32	Epidendrum fimbriatum Kunth.; Orchidaceae	PPN-or-001	For internal tumors	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
33	Rumex tolimensis Wedd.; Polygonaceae	PPN-pl-005	Dandruff	Crushed	Leaves	Topic
34	Vicia faba L.; Fabaceae	PPN-fa-016	Headache	Boiled in the hands palms	Leaves	Topic
35	Halenia weddelliana Gilg.; Gentianaceae	PPN-gn-002	It helps maintain milk production in cattle	Cooked	Whole plant	Topic
36	Marchantia polymorpha L.; Amaranthaceae	PPN-am-008	Malaise of the body	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
37	Diplostephium sp.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-056	To bad energy	Cooked	Branches	Bath
38	Tagetes erecta L.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-019	Water of air	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
39	Myrica parvifolia Benth.; Myricaceae	PPN-mr-002	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
40	Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-030	cold	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
41	Linum usitatissimum L.; Linaceae	PPN-li-001	Inflammation of liver and kidneys	Cooked	Fruits	Oral
42	Alcea rosea L.; Malvaceae	PPN-ma-001	Inflammation of liver and kidneys	Infusion	Flowers	Oral
43	Matricaria chamomilla L.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-016	Gastritis	Boiled	Whole plant	Oral
44	Ambrosia artemisioides Mill.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-022	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e. “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
45	Piper aduncum L.; Piperaceae	PPN-pi-016	Infection of external wound	Cooked the leaves		Topic
46	Diplostephium juniperinum Cuatrec.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-057	Child restless and confused, and postpartum bath	Cooked	Branches	Bath
47	Eriocaulon microcephalum Kunth,; Erioculaceae	PPN-el-001	To luck good	Macerate	Whole plant	Inhalation
48	Rubus urticifolius Poir.; Rosaceae	PPN-ro-005	Gangrene	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
49	Bidens andicola Kunth.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-005	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
50	Pedicularis incurva Benth.; Scrophulariaceae	PPN-sc-004	Cold	Macerate	Branches	Oral
51	Lepidium chichicara Desv.; Brassicaceae	PPN-br-004	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
52	Bejaria aestuans Mutis ex L.; Ericaceae	PPN-er-001	Menstrual related abdominal pain	Cooked	Flowers	Oral
53	Bejaria subsessilis Benth.; Ericaceae	PPN-er-007	Nerves	Cooked	Flowers	Oral
54	Fuchsia hybrida hort. ex Siebert & Voss.; Onagraceae	PPN-on-005	Nerves	Cooked	Flowers	Oral
55	Poterium sanguisorba L.; Rosaceae	PPN-ro-008	Nerves	Crushed	Whole plant	Oral
56	Pinus radiata D.; Pinaceae	PPN-pc-001	Asthma	Cooked	Fruit	Oral
57	Clinopodium sp.; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-024	Cold	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
58	Minthostachys mollis (Kunth) Grises.; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-009	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
59	Chrysanthemum sp.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-055	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e. “bad air” in Spanish)	Crushed	Leaves	Oral
60	Ceroxylon parvifrons (Engel) H. Wendl.; Aricaceae	PPN-ak-001	The aerial part is used as incense	Burns	Leaves
61	Rosmarinus officinalis L.; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-010	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Crushed	Branches	Oral
62	Rosa centifolia L.; Rosaceae	PPN-ro-001	Nerves	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
63	Ruta graveolens L.; Rutaceae	PPN-rt-001	Headache, bad air	Crushed	Branches	Oral
64	Solanum juglandifolium Dunal, Solan.; Solanaceae	PPN-so-016	Air water	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
65	Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton & Rose); Cactaceae	PPN-cb-001	Sorcery	Cooked	Stems	Oral
66	Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-031	Fright in children	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
67	Brachyotum confertum (Bonpl.) Triana.; Melastomataceae	PPN-me-004	Allergies	Crushed and cook	Branches	Topic
68	Cestrum sendtnerianum C. Martius.; Solanaceae	PPN-so-003	Fever, headache and relapse	Infusion	Leaves and flowers	Oral
69	Baccharis obtusifolia Kunth.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-014	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
70	Baccharis sp.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-015	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
71	Lepechinia paniculata (Kunth).; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-011	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
72	Bidens pilosa L.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-002	Diminish fall back into illness after recovery (locally known as “recaída”)	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
73	Tagetes erecta L.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-019	Air water	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
74	Baccharis genistelloides (Lam.) Pers.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-013	Diabetes and cholesterol	Cooked	Branches	Oral
75	Piper barbatum Kunth.; Piperaceae	PPN-pi-005	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e. “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
76	Baccharis genistelloides (Lam.) Pers.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-013	Diabetes and cholesterol	Cooked	Branches	Oral
77	Iresine herbstii Hook.; Amaranthaceae	PPN-am-001	Flu and bad air	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
78	Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth).; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-018	Cold	Infusion	Whole plant	Oral
79	Melissa officinalis L.; Lamiaceae	PPN-la-004	Nerves	Crushed	Branches	Oral
80	Huperzia sp.; Lycopodiaceae	PPN-lc-007	Child restless and confused, and postpartum bath	Cooked	Branches	Bath
81	Huperzia tetragona (Hook. & Grev.); Lycopodiaceae	PPN-lc-004	Sorcery	Macerate	Whole plant	Oral
82	Solanum oblongifolium Dunal, Solan.; Solanaceae	PPN-so-014	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e. “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Branches	Topic
83	Oritrophium peruvianum (Lam.); Asteraceae	PPN-as-046	Inflammation of the liver and kidneys	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
84	Oritrophium peruvianum (Lam.); Asteraceae	PPN-as-046	Inflammation of the liver and kidneys	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
85	Oritrophium peruvianum (Lam.); Asteraceae	PPN-as-046	Inflammation of the liver and kidneys	Cooked	Whole plant	Oral
86	Loricaria thuyoides (Lam.) Sch.; Asteraceae	PPN-as-044	Child restless and confused, bath and good energy	Cooked	Branches	Bath
87	Valeriana microphylla Kunth.; Valerianaceae	PPN-va-001	Nerves	Cooked	Roots	Oral
88	Verbena litoralis Kunth.; Verbenaceae	PPN-ve-001	Plague and headache	Crushed	Flowers	Oral
89	Huperzia sp.; Lycopodiaceae	PPN-lc-007	Amulet for evil eye and sorcery	Macerate	Whole plant	Oral
90	Huperzia sellifolia B. Øllg.; Lycopodiaceae	PPN-lc-002	Amulet for evil eye and sorcery	Macerate	Whole plant	Oral
91	Lycopodium weberbaueri (Nessel).; Lycopodiaceae	PPN-lc-005	Amulet for evil eye and sorcery	Macerate	Whole plant	Oral
92	Huperzia austroecuadorica B. Øllg.; Lycopodiaceae	PPN-lc-006	Amulet for evil eye and sorcery	Macerate	Whole plant	Oral
93	Brugmansia X candida Pers.; Solanaceae	PPN-so-015	Fever or cold caused by cold air or strong winds (locally known as “mal aire”, i.e., “bad air” in Spanish)	Directly	Directly	Topic
94	Daucus carota L.; Apiaceae	PPN-um-001	Gastritis	Juice	Drops	Oral

Plants used in mythological cases.