Review Article
Natural Bioactive Compounds: Alternative Approach to the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Table 2
Nanomaterial-based drugs in clinical use for the treatment of GBM.
| | Name | Nanocarrier | Characteristics | Permeability to BBB |
| | Doxil | PEGylated liposome/doxorubicin hydrochloride | Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, ROS | No | | Abraxane | Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel | Microtubule stabilizing | No | | Carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide) | CNTs, nanographene oxide | DNA damage by ROS, peroxidation | No | | Gold nanoparticles | Au NPs (spheres, rods, and shells), Au NPs modified with TNF-α, TGF-β, or thio-PEG.
Au NPs conjugated to T cells | DNA damage by ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction. Directs immune cells to tumor | No | | Temozolomide (TMZ) | TMZ bound to nanocarriers (e.g., cucurbit[n]uril) | DNA alkylating agent | Yes | | Carmustine (BCNU) | BCNU bound nanocomplex | DNA alkylating agent | No | | Cisplatin | Liposomal cisplatin | Inorganic Pt2+ complexes DNA alkylating and intercalating agent | No | | Irinotecan | Liposomal Irinotecan (e.g., CPX 1) | Inhibits DNA topoisomerase I & induces single strand DNA lesions | Yes | | CRLX101 | Polymeric NPs conjugated with camptothecin or bevacizumab | Antiangiogenic inhibitor of HIF-1 | No | | DaunoXome | Lipid encapsulated daunorubicin | Antimitotic by DNA intercalation and inhibits topoisomerase II | No |
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