BioMed Research International

Research Article

The Exercise-Induced Irisin Is Associated with Improved Levels of Glucose Homeostasis Markers in Pregnant Women Participating in 8-Week Prenatal Group Fitness Program: A Pilot Study

Table 4

Changes in lipids and glucose homeostasis markers in women who had physical activity below recommendations and in women who exercised at least three times a week .


	Group	Baseline mean ± SD	Observed change mean ± SD	Adjusted change mean ± SD	Adjusted effect
					Mean; CI	Inference

Irisin (ng⋅ml⁻¹)	Very active	15.32 ± 5.30	15 ± 29%	15 ± 28%	−31% −54 to 3%
	Less active	14.34 ± 1.59	−18 ± 31%	−20 ± 13%
Glucose (mg⋅dl⁻¹)	Very active	77.25 ± 3.69	3 ± 3%	3 ± 4%	−2 % −10 to 6%	Small
	Less active	83.60 ± 1.95	1 ± 3%	1 ± 3%
HbA1c (%)	Very active	4.53 ± 0.19	2 ± 5%	−1 ± 5%	4% −7 to 16%	Moderate
	Less active	4.86 ± 0.25	2 ± 3%	3 ± 3%
Insulin (µlU⋅ml⁻¹)	Very active	3.58 ± 2.28	8 ± 66%	15 ± 80%	−20% −71 to 122%	Small
	Less active	2.38 ± 0.88	47 ± 37%	43 ± 37%
TG (mg⋅dl⁻¹)	Very active	131.80 ± 42.75	45 ± 24%	42 ± 28%	14% −22 to 65%	Small
	Less active	112.00 ± 28.65	59 ± 26%	61 ± 30%
TC (mg⋅dl⁻¹)	Very active	218.00 ± 45.85	19 ± 5%	18 ± 5%	−0.4% −8 to 8%	Trivial
	Less active	244.80 ± 55.39	14 ± 15%	18 ± 5%
LDL (mg⋅dl⁻¹)	Very active	109.75 ± 40.60	33 ± 14%	29 ± 8%	−3% −15 to 11%	Trivial
	Less active	129.20 ± 39.56	22 ± 18%	25 ± 12%
HDL (mg⋅dl⁻¹)	Very active	85.50 ± 10.28	−3 ± 5%	−3 ± 6%	−6% −29 to 24%	Small
	Less active	90.20 ± 23.59	−10 ± 30%	9 ± 29%

Note. Less active: exercising less than three times a week, very active: exercising at least three times a week, and CI: 90% confidence interval. All data are percentages, with the exception of baseline values expressed in measurement units. Inferences shown in italic are clear at the 90% level of confidence. Adjusted to overall mean of the less active and very active groups at baseline. Adjusted mean change in the less active group minus adjusted mean change in the very active group. Magnitude thresholds (for difference in means divided by SD of control group): <0.20, trivial; 0.20–0.59, small; 0.60–1.19, moderate; 1.20–2.19, large; 2.2–4.0, very large. Increase; decrease. Asterisks indicate effects clear at the 5% level and likelihood that the true effect is substantial: possible, likely, very likely, and most likely.