Evidence of Immunosuppressive and Th2 Immune Polarizing Effects of Antidiabetic Momordica charantia Fruit Juice

Table 1

Phytochemical compositions of plant juices.

Chemical compounds class	Test	Momordica charantia (part used)
		Leafy stem		Fruit
		Total juice	Filtered juice	Total juice	Filtered juice
Alkaloids	General test: Dragendorff reagent	−	−	−	−
	Extraction: Mayer reagent	−	−	−	−
Tannins	Few drips of FeCl3, 1%	+++	+++	+++	++
Flavonoids	Adding four drips of HCl 5% to 1 ml of juice	+	+	+	+
Saponins	Foam index (FI) of diluted aqueous decoction (positive if FI ≥ 100, meaning foam height ≥ 1 cm)	++; (FI > 1 cm)	−; (FI < 1 cm)	++; (FI > 1 cm)	−; (FI < 1 cm)
Triterpenoids	Liebermann-Burchard reaction (acetic anhydride-sulfuric acid 50 : 1)	++	+	+	+
Mucilages	Viscosity study (in absolute ethanol)	+	+	+	+
Coumarins	Addition of 0.5 ml of NH4OH 10%	+	+	++	++
Anthraquinones	Addition of 1 ml NH4OH 25% + 1 ml NaOH	+	−	−	−
Steroids	Acetic anhydride-chloroform + concentrated sulfuric acid	+	+	+	+
Cyanogenic derivates	Grignard reaction soaked paper with picric acid 5%	−	−	−	−

Chemical compounds of total and filtered juices. The phytochemical analysis was performed as described in Methods. +++, too high, ++, high, +, low, indicate the presence of the compounds in the juice; − indicates the absence of compound in the juice.