Insulin Resistance in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated with Low Appendicular Lean Mass
Table 1
Characteristics of the study groups.
Gender
Total
Male
Female
Early RA 26
Control group 148
Early RA 66
Control group 173
Early RA 92
Control group 321
Female, (%)
—
—
—
—
66 (71.7)
173 (53.9)
Age, years
56 (3)
45 (1)
51 (2)
50 (1)
52 (2)
48 (1)
Smoking
Ever, (%)
16 (64.0)
29 (19.6)
14 (21.5)
36 (20.8)
30 (33.3)
65 (20.2)
CRP, mg/l
21.7 (5.1)
1.8 (0.2)
7.9 (1.4)
2.5 (0.3)
11.8 (1.9)
2.2 (0.2)
TNF-alpha, pg/ml
4.0 (0.6)
2.1 (0.2)
2.3 (0.2)
1.8 (0.1)
2.8 (0.2)
2.0 (0.1)
IL-6, pg/ml
27.8 (8.3)
1.4 (0.9)
12.4 (3.7)
0.3 (0.1)
16.7 (3.6)
0.8 (0.4)
Glucose, mmol/l
5.3 (0.1)
5.4 (0.1)
5.3 (0.1)
5.2 (0.1)
5.3 (0.1)
5.3 (0.0)
Insulin, mU/l
15.3 (1.9)
7.2 (0.4)
13.2 (2.2)
6.9 (0.4)
13.8 (1.6)
7.0 (0.3)
HOMA-IR score, units
3.6 (0.4)
1.8 (0.1)
3.1 (0.5)
1.7 (0.1)
3.2 (0.4)
1.7 (0.1)
Insulin-resistant, (%)
19 (73.1)
41 (27.7)
32 (48.5)
39 (22.5)
51 (55.4)
80 (24.9)
BMI, Kg/m2
26.4 (0.9)
27.4 (0.4)
27.5 (0.8)
27.0 (0.5)
27.2 (0.6)
27.2 (0.3)
BMI group
Normal, (%)
11 (42.3)
50 (33.8)
26 (39.4)
73 (42.2)
37 (40.2)
123 (38.3)
Overweight, (%)
10 (38.5)
55 (37.2)
21 (31.8)
50 (28.9)
31 (33.7)
105 (32.7)
Obese, (%)
5 (19.2)
43 (29.1)
19 (28.8)
50 (28.9)
24 (26.1)
93 (29.0)
Fat mass, Kg
21.9 (1.9)
23.8 (0.9)
29.3 (1.3)
28.5 (0.9)
27.2 (1.1)
26.3 (0.6)
FMI, Kg/m2
7.3 (0.7)
7.4 (0.3)
11.2 (0.6)
10.6 (0.3)
10.1 (0.5)
9.1 (0.2)
FFM, Kg
58.2 (1.2)
65.5 (0.7)
43.0 (0.7)
44.6 (0.4)
47.3 (0.9)
54.2 (0.7)
FFMI, Kg/m2
19.1 (0.3)
20.3 (0.2)
16.2 (0.2)
16.5 (0.2)
17.0 (0.2)
18.2 (0.2)
ALM, Kg
23.9 (0.6)
28.4 (0.3)
17.1 (0.3)
18.0 (0.2)
19.0 (0.4)
22.8 (0.3)
ALMI, Kg/BMI
0.93 (0.04)
1.05 (0.01)
0.64 (0.02)
0.69 (0.01)
0.72 (0.02)
0.86 (0.01)
Values represent the mean ± SE if not stated otherwise. Statistically significant differences are shown in boldface type (). HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; BMI: body mass index; FMI: fat mass index (fat mass Kg/height m2); FFM: fat-free mass; FFMI: fat-free mass index (fat-free mass/height m2); ALM: appendicular lean mass; ALMI: appendicular lean mass index (appendicular lean mass Kg/BMI).
