Genetic Mutations and Epigenetic Modifications: Driving Cancer and Informing Precision Medicine

Figure 2

Emerging molecular technologies provide important information for precision treatment strategies. Treatment approaches have evolved from a “one-size-fits-all” strategy based on the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and the site of a tumor’s origin. Current approaches incorporate gross chromosomal rearrangements and the presence or absence of specific genes which can provide insight into the potential for therapeutic efficacy. Limited precision strategies which target specific mutations are also in use. Emerging technologies will provide a comprehensive view of cancer and allow clinical decision-making and drug development strategies to incorporate epigenetic modifications, spatial heterogeneity, and temporal heterogeneity that can enable acquired resistance to targeted therapy.