The Effects of Ex Vivo Administration of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Endotoxin on Cytokine Release of Whole Blood Are Determined by Priming Conditions

Figure 5

The effects of GM-CSF preincubation on LPS- and fMLP-induced IL-8 production in blood from healthy volunteers , patients with normal endogenous TNF levels < 30 pg/mL , and patients with increased endogenous TNF levels > 30 pg/mL . Data are presented as means ± SEM. = significant difference for IL-8 increase following GM-CSF compared to IL-8 production without GM-CSF administration. = significant difference for IL-8 compared to healthy volunteers.