The Effects of Ex Vivo Administration of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Endotoxin on Cytokine Release of Whole Blood Are Determined by Priming Conditions

Table 1

Patient characteristics and immune parameters on day 1.

Patients’ diagnoses	SAPS II	Microbiology (pathogen species)	Mortality (28-day)	HLA-DR (MFI)	TNF plasma concentration (pg/ml)	Ex vivo stimulated TNF (pg/ml)	Ex vivo stimulated IL-8 (pg/ml)
Pneumonia	38	Klebsiella	S	825	18	917	1008
Esophagectomy	33	E. coli	S	300	19	362	242
Pneumonia	40	S. aureus	S	399	18	825	899
Multiple trauma	58	E. coli	S	375	27	342	177
Peritonitis	37	Enterobacter	S	312	20	206	294
Pancreatitis	59	E. coli	S	185	42	53	77
Peritonitis	32	Enterobacter	S	95	45	71	69
Peritonitis	51	Klebsiella	S	147	24	117	168
Pneumonia	60	Hemophilus	NS	23	33	34	55
Peritonitis	54	Serratia	NS	79	35	20	44
Peritonitis	58	E. coli	NS	105	32	68	125
Multiple trauma	63	S. aureus	NS	147	28	121	133

SAPSII: Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; HLA-DR: Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; TNF: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-8: interleukin-8; S: survivor; NS: nonsurvivor.