Long-Term Oncological Outcomes for Young Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Localized Prostate Cancer

Table 2

Bivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of factors predicting time to disease progression after radical prostatectomy.

Parameter	Hazard ratio	CI 95%
Clinical stage (cT):
cT2 versus cT1	3.2	1.8–7.6	0.011
cT3 versus cT1	6.8	2.4–9.6	0.001
Pathological stage (pT):
pT3a versus pT2	3.7	1.7–8.1	0.001
pT3b versus pT2	17.5	8.3–36.8	<0.001
PSA (ng/ml)
4.1–10 versus ≤4	1.3	0.4–3.7	0.7
10.1–20 versus ≤4	2.1	0.7–6.4	0.2
>20 versus ≤4	5.3	1.6–16.9	0.005
Biopsy GS:
3 + 4 versus 3 + 3	3.8	1.9–7.9	<0.001
4 + 3 versus 3 + 3	7.7	2.5–23.7	<0.001
4 + 4 versus 3 + 3	6.8	2.4–19.1	<0.001
≥4 + 5 versus 3 + 3	52.9	19.8–141.1	<0.001
Pathological GS:
3 + 4 versus 3 + 3	N.D	N.D	N.D
4 + 3 versus 3 + 3	16.8	4.1–68.7	<0.001
4 + 4 versus 3 + 3	24.6	6.6–92.1	<0.001
≥4 + 5 versus 3 + 3	114.0	30.9–421.6	<0.001
Lymph nodes status (pN):
N1 versus N0	4.5	2.0–9.9	0.001
Surgical margins:
R1 versus R0	5.6	2.9–10.9	<0.001
Age, years
≤55 versus >55	6.4	0.9–46.3	0.07

PSA: prostate specific antigen, GS: Gleason score.