Design and Testing of an Experimental Steam-Induced Burn Model in Rats

Table 1

Synopsis of the key histopathological changes.

Steam exposure	Time point	Necrosis depth	Collagenization	Inflammatory infiltrate	Vascular lesions
One second	20 min	+	Absent	Absent	Absent
	48 hours	+	Absent	Absent	Absent
	72 hours	+	Absent	Mixt	Absent
3 seconds	20 min	++	++	Acute	Absent
	48 hours	++	++	Mixt	Present
	72 hours	++	+++	Acute	Present
7 seconds	20 min	+++	+++	Acute	Present
	48 hours	+++	+++	Mixt	Present
	72 hours	+++	+++	Acute	Present

Necrosis depth: + = epidermis and superficial papillary dermis; ++ = epidermis, superficial papillary dermis, and upper level of deep reticular dermis; +++ = epidermis, superficial papillary dermis, and whole deep reticular dermis; collagenization: + = superficial papillary dermis; ++ = upper level of deep reticular dermis; +++ = whole deep reticular dermis.