C-Reactive Protein Levels at the Midpregnancy Can Predict Gestational Complications
Table 2
Characteristics of the cohort according to maternal adverse outcomes.
No maternal adverse outcomes (n=191)
Maternal adverse outcomes (n=189)
p
Demographic and clinical characteristics
Age at enrollment, years (IQR)
33 (30-36)
35 (32-38)
<0.001
CRP,μg/mL (IQR)
2.51 (1.16-6.11)
4.40 (2.03-10.1)
<0.001
Ethnicity
0.102
Caucasian, n (%)
167 (88.4)
175 (93.1)
Latin American, n (%)
11(5.8)
9 (4.8)
African, n (%)
4 (2.1)
2 (1.1)
Indian, n (%)
7 (3.7)
2 (1.1)
BMI§, kg/m2 (IQR)
21.01 (19.79-22.95)
21.48 (19.83-24.22)
0.145
Underweight, n (%)
12 (9.7)
10 (8.7)
Normal weight, n (%)
96 (77.4)
80 (69.6)
Overweight, n (%)
12 (9.7)
19 (16.5)
Obese, n (%)
4 (3.2)
6 (5.2)
Weight gain at delivery, kg (IQR)
13 (11-16)
12 (9-15)
0.179
Comorbidities
Thyroid disease, n (%)
12 (6.3)
16 (8.5)
0.416
Hypertension, n (%)
1 (0.5)
7 (3.7)
0.031
PCOS¥, n (%)
1 (0.5)
6 (3.2)
0.055
Coagulation/PLTΦ diseases, n (%)
2(1)
6 (3.2)
0.149
Autoimmune diseases, n (%)
17 (8.9)
18 (9.5)
0.834
GDM#, n (%)
18 (9.5)
27 (14.3)
0.153
Therapy
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy, n (%)
12 (6.3)
15 (7.9)
0.531
Corticosteroid hormone, n (%)
4 (2.1)
5 (2.6)
0.724
Aspirin, n (%)
4 (2.1)
12 (6.3)
0.039
Pregnancy and delivery characteristics
Gestational hypertension, n (%)
0
5 (2.6)
0.024
Premature delivery, n (%)
0
32 (17.4)
<0.001
Cesarian delivery, n (%)
0
177 (93.7)
<0.001
Urgent caesarian delivery, n (%)
0
40 (21.2)
<0.001
Gestational age at delivery, days (IQR)
280 (273-285)
273 (267-279)
<0.001
Baby characteristics
Baby weight, g (IQR)
3300 (3040-3595)
3210 (2860-3535)
0.046
Baby length, cm (IQR)
49 (48-51)
49 (47-50)
0.015
Small for gestational age, n (%)
38 (24.5)
36 (20.6)
0.392
Large for gestational age, n (%)
7 (4.5)
16 (9.1)
0.097
Ponderal index (IQR)
2.76 (2.55-2.97)
2.75 (2.56-2.94)
0.898
Macrosomy, n (%)
4 (2.4)
6 (3.2)
0.660
Apgar score
<0.001
0, n (%)
1 (0.6)
3, n (%)
1 (0.6)
4, n (%)
1 (0.6)
5, n (%)
1 (0.6)
6, n (%)
1 (0.6)
7, n (%)
2 (1.1)
8, n (%)
4 (2.2)
9, n (%)
5 (3.1)
18 (10)
10, n (%)
155 (96.9)
151 (83.9)
Resuscitation, n (%)
0
6 (3.2)
0.022
Fetal distress/polyhydramnios, n (%)
1 (0.5)
2 (1.1)
0.557
Overall neonatal adverse outcomes, n (%)
83 (43.5)
90 (47.6)
0.416
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range [IQR], number [n], or percentage [%]). p-values were calculated according to Chi-square or Fisher exact test or Mann-Whitney test when appropriate and referred to as comparison between study groups. Statistically significant correlations are highlighted in bold character. CRP: C-reactive protein. § BMI: body mass index. ¥ PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome. PLT: platelets. # GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus.
