PAX3: A Molecule with Oncogenic or Tumor Suppressor Function Is Involved in Cancer

Figure 2

Tumor suppressor role of PAX3 in various types of cancer. Ectopic expression of PAX3 inhibits thyroid cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and leads to apoptosis through inhibiting the activities of PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways and promoting transcription factor FOXO3a. MiR 29 and 206 stabilize the PAX3 expression and induce the cell cycle arrest in the rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Fusion between the PAX3-FOXO1 induces the tumor cell suppression by inducing the expression of GERM1 and DAPK1 genes which in turn upregulate NOXA (promote activation of caspases and apoptosis) and induce apoptosis in ARMS cells.