Effects of Surface Nanotopography and Calcium Chemistry of Titanium Bone Implants on Early Blood Platelet and Macrophage Cell Function

Figure 4

FE-SEM images showing the morphology of adherent blood platelets in the investigated samples after 5 min of incubation. Platelets in the Ti samples with surface nanostructure (Nano and Nano/Ca samples) and Ca²⁺ chemistry (Nano/Ca sample) had more dendritic spread than the unmodified Ti sample.