Effects of Surface Nanotopography and Calcium Chemistry of Titanium Bone Implants on Early Blood Platelet and Macrophage Cell Function

Figure 6

ELISA results for detection of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB protein levels released from adherent platelets on the investigated surfaces after 20 and 60 min of incubation. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. < 0.05 compared with the other surface; < 0.05 between two surfaces.