Cisplatin-Induced Rodent Model of Kidney Injury: Characteristics and Challenges

Table 2

Inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative factors in the acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rodents.

tissue/; method	analytes measured	D1-D2	D3	strain	Ref.
				dose
Serum,; urine	ELISA: TNFα	ns; ns	ns; ns	C57BL/6,	[92]
Urine/MCA	IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-17, IFN-γ, IP-10, G-CSF, MIP-1α, MCP-1, RANTES	ns	n.a.	10wk, male; 25-30g; 10 mg/kg
Kidney/RT-PCR	IL-1β, TNFα, HO-1, IL-18, MCP-1, ICAM-1, TLR4, HMG1	n.a.	ns
Kidney/ELISA	TNFα, MCP-1, MIP-2	n.a.	↑MCP-1, MIP-2
kidney/RPA	TNF-α, TGF-β, RANTES, MIP-2, IP-10, MCP-1, TCA3, IL-5, IL-9, IL-15, IFN-γ	TNF-α, TGF-β, RANTES, MIP-2, IP-10, MCP-1, TCA3	TNF-α, TGF-β, RANTES, MIP-2, IP-10, MCP-1, TCA3	Swiss; Webster	[87]
kidney/RT-PCR	TNF-α, TGF-β, RANTES, MIP-2, MCP-1,ICAM-1, IL-1ɑ, IL-1β	n.a.	TNF-α, TGF-β, RANTES, MIP-2, MCP-1, ICAM-1, IL-1β	20 mg/kg
Kidney/RT-PCR	TNFα, MCP-1, IL-10	↑ TNFα, MCP-1	↑TNFα, MCP-1, IL-10	CD-1, Crl; Male	[93]
ELISA		↑MCP-1	↑MCP-1	25-35g
Plasma/ELISA	TNFα, MCP-1, IL-10	↑MCP-1	↑ TNFα, MCP-1	30 mg/kg
kidney/RT-PCR	TNF-α, IL-6, IL-11, LIF, SOCS3, gp130, OSM, CNTF, CT-1, c-fos, HO-1, Bax, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Nrf2, MT-1, MT-2, SOD1, SOD2, COX-2, Casp3	↑TNF-α, IL-6, IL-11, LIF, SOCS3, OSM, CNTF, c-fos, HO-1, Bax, Bcl-xl,; Bcl-2, Nrf2, MT-1, MT-2	↑TNF-α, IL-6, IL-11, LIF, SOCS3, gp130, OSM, CNTF, c-fos, HO-1, Bax, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Nrf2, MT-1, MT-2, COX-2, ↓SOD1
				C57BL/6; Jax; 30 mg/kg	[89, 90]
serum/ELISA	IL-6	↑IL-6	↑IL-6
	analytes measured		D3
kidney/RT-PCR	TNFα, IL-1β, ICAM-1, MCP-1, TGF-β1, HO-1		↑TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1	C57BL/6; 20 mg/kg	[94]
kidney/ELISA	TNFα		↑TNFα	10-12 wk,; male
serum/ELISA	TNF-α		↑TNF-α	C57BL/6; male, Jax
kidney/RT-PCR	TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, MCP-1,ICAM-1, HO-1		↑TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, MCP-1,ICAM-1, HO-1	20 mg/kg; N=4-8; ip	[95]
serum/	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, MCP-1, RANTES, KC		↑TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, ↓IL-2		[88]
kidney/			↑TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, KC, IP-10	C57BL/6; Jax; 20 mg/kg
urine/MCA			↑TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, RANTES, MCP-1, KC, IP-10
					kidney/RT-PCR	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, RANTES, MCP-1, ICAM-1, KC, IP-10, TLR4, iNOS, IFN-ɑ, IFN-β		↑TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, ICAM-1, KC, TLR4, iNOS
kidney/activity	p38MAPK activity, p-JNK phosphorylation - Western		↑p38MAPK, p-JNK
urine/MCA	IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-17, IFN-γ, IP-10, G-CSF, TNF-ɑ, MIP-1ɑ, MCP-1, RANTES		↑TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, RANTES, IP-10	C57BL/6; Jax	[96]
kidney/RT-PCR	HO-1, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-ɑ, TNFR1, TNFR2		↑HO-1, IL-1β, TNF-ɑ, TNFR1, TNFR2	20 mg/kg
serum/ELISA	TNF-α		↑TNF-α
kidney/MCA	TNF-α, IL-1β, KC, IFNγ		↑TNF-α, IL-1β, KC; ns (24h)	C57BL/6J; 40 mg/kg	[69]
kidney/RT-PCR	IL-1β, TNFɑ, COX-2, mPGES-1, mPGES-2, cPGES, gp9, p4, NOX-1, NOX-3, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, Bak, Bax, Bcl-2,		↑IL-1β, TNFɑ, COX-2, mPGES-1, ↑gp, p, ↓SOD2, SOD3, ↑Bax, Bak,	DBA/1lacJx; C57BL/6 x; 129/SV; 20 mg/kg
					[86]
					ELISA/serum	TNF-α		↑TNF-α
Kidney	PGE2, TNF-α		↑ PGE2, TNF-α

D: day; n.a.: not analyzed; MCA: multiplexed cytokine assay; RPA: ribonuclease protection assay; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL: interleukin; IFNγ: interferon gamma; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; ICAM-1: intracellular adhesion molecule-1; TLR4: toll like receptor 4; TGFβ: tumor growth factor; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; CNTF: ciliary neurotrophic factor; gp130: glycoprotein 130; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; OSM: oncostatin M; MT: metallothioneins; SOD: superoxide dismutase; COX: cyclooxygenase; Casp3: caspase 3; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; KC: keratinocyte-derived chemokine; TNFR1: TNF receptor 1; TNFR2: TNF receptor 2; cPGES: cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase; mPGES: microsomal prostaglandin E synthase; CT-1: cardiotrophin-1; gp and p: two major subunits of NADPH oxidase; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor.