Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Oil Palm Seedlings Treated with Combination of NPK Fertilizers Infected with Ganoderma boninense

Figure 7

Schematic model of oil palm, Ganoderma boninense, fertilizer regime interaction focusing on the role of plant lytic enzymes (Glycoforum: http://www.glycoforum.gr.jp). This schematic model indicates the contribution of PR proteins in response to macronutrients nutrition in oil palm with Ganoderma infection. Plants produce β-1,3-glucanases, chitinase, POX, and PAL during the process of pathogenesis for self- defense, and pathogens struggle against them. Application of NPK nutrients, especially K fertilizing, might either act as elicitors triggering the production of glucanase, chitinase, POX, and PAL activities or be involved in secondary metabolite profiling associated with induced resistance.