Research Article
Risk Evaluation of Azithromycin-Induced QT Prolongation in Real-World Practice
Table 2
Results of multiple logistic regression.
| | | QT prolongation | Severe QT prolongation | | Variables | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value |
| | Azithromycin | 1.395 | (1.227-1.586) | <.0001 | 1.433 | (1.127-1.822) | 0.003 | | Amoxicillin | 1.056 | (0.971-1.147) | 0.204 | 0.875 | (0.703-1.089) | 0.231 | | Male (ref. female) | 1.108 | (1.088-1.129) | <.0001 | 0.854 | (0.817-0.892) | <.0001 | | Age (Mean/SD) | 1.023 | (1.022-1.023) | <.0001 | 1.028 | (1.026-1.029) | <.0001 | | Potassium (mEq/l) | 0.679 | (0.666-0.691) | <.0001 | 0.537 | (0.515-0.559) | <.0001 | | Calcium (mg/dl) | 0.645 | (0.636-0.654) | <.0001 | 0.541 | (0.525-0.557) | <.0001 | | Antiarrhythmic drugs | 3.341 | (3.111-3.589) | <.0001 | 5.326 | (4.807-5.900) | <.0001 | | Antianginal drugs | 1.331 | (0.458-3.867) | 0.599 | | | | | Anticholinergic | 1.132 | (0.935-1.370) | 0.202 | 0.919 | (0.585-1.441) | 0.712 | | Antimalarials | 1.080 | (0.933-1.251) | 0.300 | 0.812 | (0.550-1.198) | 0.294 | | Antifungals | 1.073 | (0.916-1.258) | 0.384 | 1.126 | (0.816-1.552) | 0.471 | | Fluoroquinolone antibiotics | 1.198 | (1.144-1.255) | <.0001 | 1.195 | (1.083-1.318) | 0.000 | | HIV antiretrovirals | 1.048 | (0.460-2.385) | 0.912 | | | | | Macrolide antibiotics | 1.599 | (1.507-1.696) | <.0001 | 1.566 | (1.393-1.761) | <.0001 | | Antihistamines | 1.483 | (1.304-1.687) | <.0001 | 1.193 | (0.901-1.580) | 0.219 | | Antineoplastic drugs | 0.580 | (0.527-0.638) | <.0001 | 0.407 | (0.298-0.557) | <.0001 | | Anesthetic/sedative | 1.151 | (1.093-1.212) | <.0001 | 1.169 | (1.039-1.314) | 0.009 | | Opioids | 1.124 | (0.768-1.645) | 0.549 | 1.016 | (0.373-2.764) | 0.976 | | Bronchodilators (beta-agonists) | 1.346 | (1.229-1.473) | <.0001 | 1.093 | (0.887-1.347) | 0.404 | | Antidiarrheals | 1.091 | (0.734-1.623) | 0.666 | 1.035 | (0.369-2.901) | 0.948 | | Antiemetics | 0.963 | (0.870-1.066) | 0.468 | 0.881 | (0.696-1.115) | 0.291 | | Gastrointestinal promotility | 1.777 | (1.729-1.827) | <.0001 | 1.583 | (1.492-1.681) | <.0001 | | GnRH | 1.581 | (1.067-2.343) | 0.023 | 0.612 | (0.150-2.496) | 0.493 | | Neurologic drugs | 1.110 | (0.895-1.376) | 0.343 | 1.268 | (0.865-1.861) | 0.224 | | Antipsychotics | 1.325 | (1.259-1.395) | <.0001 | 1.150 | (1.028-1.286) | 0.014 | | Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants | 0.978 | (0.898-1.065) | 0.612 | 0.870 | (0.699-1.083) | 0.213 | | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 1.119 | (1.005-1.246) | 0.041 | 1.117 | (0.882-1.415) | 0.358 | | Vasodilator drugs | 1.399 | (1.281-1.528) | <.0001 | 1.379 | (1.157-1.643) | 0.000 | | Myocardial infarction | 1.306 | (1.242-1.374) | <.0001 | 1.387 | (1.257-1.530) | <.0001 | | Congestive heart failure | 2.526 | (2.403-2.654) | <.0001 | 3.547 | (3.279-3.837) | <.0001 | | Ischemic stroke | 1.429 | (1.368-1.493) | <.0001 | 1.394 | (1.274-1.525) | <.0001 | | Hemorrhagic stroke | 2.276 | (2.123-2.441) | <.0001 | 3.143 | (2.797-3.531) | <.0001 | | Diabetes mellitus | 1.167 | (1.133-1.201) | <.0001 | 1.016 | (0.950-1.086) | 0.643 | | Hypothyroidism | 0.929 | (0.842-1.025) | 0.140 | 1.033 | (0.834-1.280) | 0.767 | | Renal disease | 3.119 | (2.993-3.250) | <.0001 | 3.320 | (3.077-3.582) | <.0001 | | AIDS/HIV | 1.434 | (0.893-2.301) | 0.135 | 1.112 | (0.273-4.535) | 0.882 | | Alcohol abuse | 2.108 | (1.938-2.293) | <.0001 | 1.912 | (1.645-2.221) | <.0001 | | Drug abuse | 3.009 | (2.538-3.567) | <.0001 | 4.356 | (3.275-5.794) | <.0001 | | Liver disease | 2.301 | (2.166-2.444) | <.0001 | 2.349 | (2.097-2.631) | <.0001 | | Severe liver disease | 2.233 | (1.991-2.505) | <.0001 | 1.975 | (1.651-2.362) | <.0001 | | Year of QTc diagnosis (ref. year 1995–2000) | | | | | | | | 2001–2005 | 0.965 | (0.910-1.023) | 0.229 | 1.043 | (0.922-1.179) | 0.507 | | 2006–2010 | 1.466 | (1.384-1.552) | <.0001 | 1.027 | (0.910-1.161) | 0.662 | | 2011–2015 | 1.812 | (1.712-1.918) | <.0001 | 1.149 | (1.018-1.297) | 0.025 |
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GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; SD: standard deviation; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; QTc:
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