Immunological Compatibility of Bone Tissues from Alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase Knockout Pig for Xenotransplantation

Figure 3

Effects of bone extracts on TNF-α and IL-1βproduction in human PBMC culture. PBMCs were obtained from heparinized blood of healthy volunteers by histopaque gradient centrifugation. Bone extracts were added to PBMC cultures at 100 ug/ml concentration and cells were incubated for 48 hrs for ELISA (a & b) or for 24 hrs for real time PCR (c & d). #, ##, and ### indicate significant difference from the control group. p < 0.05, p < 0.005, and p < 0.001 indicate significant difference from the WT group. Experiments were repeated at least three times independently with hPBMC from 3-4 blood donors and bone extracts from 2-3 pigs. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. ND: not detected.

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