BioMed Research International

Review Article

Relationship between High Temperature and Formation of Chalkiness and Their Effects on Quality of Rice

Table 1

Some major effect and relatively stable QTLs associated with chalkiness trait in rice.


Type of chalkiness	QTLs		Associated markers	Physical map position (Mb)	Parents	Population type	LOD	Add effect	References

Chalkiness	qPGWC.NH-1.1	1	RM7124	24.38	Sasanishiki/Habataki	ILs	4.965	0.22	Bian et al. (2014)
Chalkiness	qPGWC.NH-1.2	1	RM7600	39.16	Sasanishiki/Habataki	ILs	4.546	0.21	Bian et al. (2014)
Chalkiness	qPGWC.NC-2	2	RM5699	8.98	Sasanishiki/Habataki	ILs	4.211	0.17	Bian et al. (2014)
Chalkiness	qPGWC.NC-11	11	RM1341	20.80	Sasanishiki/Habataki	ILs	4.119	0.17	Bian et al. (2014)
Chalkiness	qPGWC.NC-4	4	RM7585	0.21	Sasanishiki/Habataki	ILs	3.929	0.17	Bian et al. (2014)
Chalkiness	qPGWC.HN-9	9	P414D03	d	Sasanishiki/Habataki	ILs	4.198	0.12	Bian et al. (2014)
Chalkiness	qPGWC-5	5	M413–RM169	d	“N22”/“Nanjing35”	F₂	2.75	−10.37	B. Y. Lu et al. (2013)
Chalkiness	qPGWC-6	6	R2869-R1952	d	Kasalath/Koshihikari	CSSL	8.13	14.77	Zheng et al. (2012)
Chalkiness	qPGWC-2	2	C1419-C560	d	Kasalath/Koshihikari	CSSL	2.68	12.91	Zheng et al. (2012)
Chalkiness	qPGWC-3	3	S879-S1513	d	Kasalath/Koshihikari	CSSL	3.01	8.14	Zheng et al. (2012)
Chalkiness	qCR2	2	RM145-RM3284	4.86–18.55	O. sativa/O. rufipogon	ILs	6.7	−14.6	P. R. Yuan et al. (2010)
Chalkiness	qPGWC-7	7	RM234	17.50	PA64s/9311	CSSL	27.75	22.63	Zhou et al. (2009)
Chalkiness	qPCRG-8 (qDC-8)	8	SA1656-RA2676	d	Koshihikari/Nonabokra	CSSL	NA	−1.96	Hao et al. (2009)
White-back	qWB	3	RM4512	11.28	Hanaechizen/Niigatawase	RILs	4.60	0.73	Kobayashi et al. (2007)
White-back	qWB	4	RM3288	27.51	Hanaechizen/Niigatawase	RILs	4.36	0.53	Kobayashi et al. (2007)
White-back	qWB	6	RM3034	42.57	Hanaechizen/Niigatawase	RILs	13.39	1.14	Kobayashi et al. (2007)
White-back/basal-white	qAPG5-1	5	C10987-RM6645	12.99–15.0	Koshihikari/Kasalath	NA	NA	NA	Ebitani et al. (2006)
White-back/basal-white	qAPG5-2	5	E10886-RM3476	20.13–23.8	Koshihikari/Kasalath	NA	NA	NA	Ebitani et al. (2006)
Basal-white	qBW	2	RM3294	5.20	Koshihikari/Kasalath	NA	12.4	9.6	Ebitani et al. (2005)
Basal-white	qBW1	12	RM1208	1.0	Koshihikari/Kasalath	NA	4.1	7.1	Ebitani et al. (2005)
Chalkiness	qPGWC-8	8	G1149-R727	19.17–26.2	Asominori/IR24	CSSLs	5.2–7.3	21.8–33.7	Wan et al. (2005)
Chalkiness	qPGWC-9	9	XNpb36-XNpb103	1.81–10.	Asominori/IR24	CSSLs	3.0–5.0	16.8–33.8	Wan et al. (2005)
White-core	wc12.1	12	RZ397	5.7	V20A/IRGC 103544	BC₃F₁	3.8	9.87	Li et al. (2004)
White-core	wca3.1	3	RM148	35.7	V20A/IRGC 103544	BC₃F₁	4.5	14.79	Li et al. (2004)
Chalkiness	qCH	1	C161-R753	0.8	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	2.6	1.97	Tan et al. (2000)
Chalkiness	qCH5-	5	RG360-C734	7.7	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	29.3	30.91	Tan et al. (2000)
Chalkiness	qCH5-	5	RG528-C1447	27.8	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	5.8	13.74	Tan et al. (2000)
Chalkiness	qCH	6	R1952-C226	2.9	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	2.5	8.24	Tan et al. (2000)
Chalkiness	qCH1	10	R2625-C223	21.7	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	2.5	8.57	Tan et al. (2000)
White-belly	qWB5	5	RG360-C734	10.6	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	35.2	72.9	Tan et al. (2000)
White-belly	qWB7	7	R1245-R1789	25.8	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	2.7	24.5	Tan et al. (2000)
White-core	qWC	5	RG360-C734	14.2	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	4.5	12.2	Tan et al. (2000)
White-core	qWC	6	Wx-R1952	1.7	Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63	F_2:3	4.0	9.8	Tan et al. (2000)
Chalkiness	qDEC	4	id4007289-id4008855	22.01–25.15	Lemont/Teqing	RILs	NA	2.8	X. Zhao et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	qPGWC	4	id4007289-id4008855	22.01–25.15	Lemont/Teqing	RILs	NA	9.2	X. Zhao et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	qPGWC	4	id4007289-id4008855	22.01–25.15	Lemont/Teqing	RILs	NA	11.1	X. Zhao et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	qGL7.	7	S07_22019132		Using GWAS	272 rice varieties	NA	−1.04	X. Qiu et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	qGW11.	11	D11_7124485		Using GWAS	272 rice varieties	NA	0.12	X. Qiu et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	qTGW2.	2	S02_30688426		Using GWAS	272 rice varieties	NA	1.78	X. Qiu et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	qBRR2.	2	D02_25652984		Using GWAS	272 rice varieties	NA	−4.75	X. Qiu et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	qDEC1.	1	S01_5811836		Using GWAS	272 rice varieties	NA	11.18	X. Qiu et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	PGC1	10	68923-PGC	NA	Zhenshan 97A/Minghui 63	RILs	NA	NA	X. Liu et al. (2015)
Chalkiness	qPGC8–	8	Bin 393	4.6–26.1	Nipponbare/Zhenshan 97A	CSSL	NA	0.045	W. Sun et al. (2015)
White-belly rate	qWBR	1	RM490-RM600	9.4	Zhenshan 97A/Nanyangzhan	RILs	3.3	12.61	B. Peng et al. (2014)
White-belly rate	qWBR	8	RM264-RM477	28.1	Zhenshan 97A/Nanyangzhan	RILs	3.0	11.05	B. Peng et al. (2014)
White-belly rate	qWBR1	12	RM101-RM519	20	Zhenshan 97A/Nanyangzhan	RILs	3.6	14.55	B. Peng et al. (2014)
Chalkiness rate	qCR	5	MRG5972-RM480	27.2	Zhenshan 97A/DL208	RILs	3.2	10.5	B. Peng et al. (2014)
White-core rate	qWCR	7	RM445-RM418	18.1	Zhenshan 97A/DL208	RILs	2.7	−6.78	B. Peng et al. (2014)

x indicates chromosome in abbreviation; b indicates QTLs named tentatively by Yamakawa et al. (2008) in their report;c indicates physical map position calculated by Yamakawa et al. (2008) in their report; d indicates insufficiency of information to calculate physical map position for the related loci in this report; s indicates relatively stable QTLs detected throughout different growing conditions. NA: data is not available.