Immune Escape Mechanisms and Future Prospects for Immunotherapy in Neuroblastoma

Figure 2

Therapeutic strategies to overcome the immunosuppressive TME. Combinatorial therapeutic approaches where CAR T cells directed against TAA are administered simultaneously with stromal targeted therapy represent the future of NB treatment. CAR T cells can be genetically modified to express various kinds of receptors including a chemokine receptor, a dominant negative receptor, or receptor targeted TME components. These can be provided in combination with other types of targeted therapy such as antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors.