Review Article

GPRC5A: An Emerging Biomarker in Human Cancer

Table 1

The dysregulation of GPRC5A in human cancers.

StudyYearTumor typeKind/num. of analyzed samplesMethodsExpression statusPotential clinical significant

Nagahata, T.2005BC25 primary BC tissuesqRT-PCRupNone

Tao, Q.2007LC18 pairs of human LC tissues and adjacent normal tissues; microarray with 186 LC tissues and 17 normal lung samplesqRT-PCR;
Microarray
downNone

Dairkee, S. H.2009BC50 pairs of cDNAs from matched BC and normal breast tissues; 147 invasive BC and 44 normal breast tissuesCPA;IHCupNo association with clinical parameters and prognosis

Cheng, L.2012GC25 paired GC tissues and matched adjacent non-tumor tissuesMicroarray;
qRT-PCR
upNone

Fujimoto, J.2012NSCLC31 NBE,24 COPD,26 COPD with cancer and 474 NSCLC tissnes;6 NSCLC and matched normal lung tissuesMicroarray;
qRT-PCR
downPositively associated with adenocarcinoma histology; highly suppressed in NCSSLC

Liu, S. L.2013OSCC60 paired primary OSCC and adjacent normal specimensIHCdownInversely correlated with the malignant grade

Subrungruanga, I.2013ICC18 paired ICC and matched normal tissuesMicroarray;
qRT-PCR
upNone

Zougman, A.2013CC347 CC specimensMicroarrayupPositively correlated with tumor recurrence

Kume, H.2014CRC33 primary CRC and 16 colon polypsLC-MS/MSupNone

Lin, X.2014NSCLC129 paired NSCLC and adjacent normal tissuesIHCdownNone

Sokolenko, A. P.2014BC17 BC with BRCA1 mutation and 94 BRCA1 non-mutation tissuesqRT-PCRdown in BRCA1 mutation samplesInversely correlated with BRCA1 mutation

Zheng, J.2014HCC106 HCCqRT-PCR;WB;
IHC
upPositively correlated with advanced TNM stage, high serum AFP, vascular invasion, tumor recurrence, DFS and OS

Liu, H.2016GC30 paired GC and adjacent normal tissues;106 GC samplesqRT-PCR;WB;
IHC
upPositively associated with tumor size, diffuse type, serosal invasion,lymph node metastasis and OS

Zhou, H.2016Pancreatic cancer46 normal pancreatic tissues,145 primary pancreatic tumors and 61 metastatic tumors;203 samples pancreatic tumorsMicroarray;
IHC
upNone

Jahny, E.2017PDAC435 PDAC and 209 non-cancerous pancreatic tissuesMicroarrayupNone

Liu, S.2017HNSCC86 paired HNSCC and adjacent normal tissuesIHCdownPositively associated with tumor differentiation

Zhang, L.2017CRC57 paired CRC and adjacent normal tissuesqRT-PCRupPositively associated with tumor grade

BC: Breast cancer; LC: lung cancer; GC: gastric cancer; NBE: normal bronchial epithelia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NSCLC: nonsmall cell lung cancer; OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma; ICC: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; CC: Colon cancer; CRC: colorectal cancer; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; CPA: cancer profiling array; IHC: immunohistochemistry; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry; WB: Western blot; DFS: disease-free survival; OS: overall survival.