Research Article
Factors Associated with Depression among the Elderly Living in Urban Vietnam
Table 2
Distribution of depression by demographical and social characteristics.
| | Contents | n | No depression | Depression | p-value | | Normal | Slight depression | Moderate depression | Severe depression | | n() | n() | n() | n() |
| | Proportion depression | 299 | 99 (33.1) | 98 (32.8) | 91 (30.4) | 11 (3.7) | | | Demographic characteristics | | | | | | | | Age group | 60 - 69 | 136 | 59 (43.4) | 39 (28.7) | 35 (25.7) | 3 (2.2) | 0.01 | | 70 - 91 | 163 | 40 (24.5) | 59 (36.2) | 56 (34.4) | 8 (4.9) | | Sex | Male | 146 | 47 (32.2) | 50 (34.2) | 43 (29.5) | 6 (4.1) | 0.92 | | Female | 153 | 52 (34.0) | 48 (31.4) | 48 (31.4) | 5 (3.2) | | Education | Over high school | 83 | 27 (32.5) | 22 (26.5) | 32 (38.6) | 2 (2.4) | 0.22 | | Lower or high school | 216 | 72 (33.3) | 76 (35.2) | 59 (27.3) | 9 (4.2) | | Occupation | Government officers | 240 | 85 (35.4) | 77 (32.1) | 71 (29.6) | 7 (2.9) | 0.23 | | Others | 59 | 14 (23.7) | 21 (35.6) | 20 (33.9) | 4 (6.8) | | Marital status | Single | 46 | 14 (30.4) | 21 (45.7) | 8 (17.4) | 3 (6.5) | 0.07 | | Married | 253 | 85 (33.6) | 77 (30.4) | 83 (32.8) | 8 (3.2) | | Living arrangement | Alone | 12 | 3 (25.0) | 3 (25.0) | 5 (41.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.63 | | Family or others | 287 | 96 (33.4) | 95 (33.1) | 86 (30.0) | 10 (3.5) | | The amount of physical activities | | 3.48 ± 1.14 | 2.63 ± 1.29 | 2.15 ± 1.14 | 1.0 ± 1 | 0.001 | | Behaviors | | | | | | | | Smoking status | Absent | 214 | 73 (34.1) | 65 (30.4) | 67 (31.3) | 9 (4.2) | 0.51 | | Present | 85 | 26 (30.6) | 33 (38.8) | 24 (28.2) | 2 (2.4) | | Alcohol use | Absent | 119 | 34 (28.6) | 30 (25.2) | 47 (39.5) | 8 (6.7) | 0.002 | | Present | 180 | 65 (36.1) | 68 (37.8) | 44 (24.4) | 3 (1.7) | | The amount of medication uses | | | | | | | | 0 | 10 | 5 (50.0) | 3 (30.0) | 2 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 0.02 | | 1-5 | 65 | 32 (49.2) | 17 (26.2) | 15 (23.1) | 1 (1.5) | | 6-10 | 105 | 37 (35.3) | 35 (33.3) | 31 (29.5) | 2 (1.9) | | ≥11 | 119 | 25 (21.0) | 43 (36.1) | 43 (36.1) | 8 (6.8) | | Quality of life score | | | | | | | Physical health | 60.4 ± 10.4 | 54.3 ± 8.6 | 47.3 ± 11.2 | 31.2 ± 12.4 | 0.00 | | Psychological health | 64.8 ± 9.3 | 58.7 ± 8.3 | 50.2 ± 8.7 | 37.9 ± 14.5 | 0.00 | | Social relationships | 66.9 ± 12.5 | 60.0 ± 12.9 | 55.4 ± 14.2 | 46.9 ± 10.7 | 0.00 | | Environmental health | 60.8 ± 10.5 | 55.0 ± 9.2 | 48.2 ± 9.5 | 39.5 ± 9.5 | 0.00 | | The amount of Social connectedness | | | | | | | Participating in social activities | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 0.001 | | Receiving support | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 1.91 ± 1.7 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 0.16 | | Social connectedness | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 0.01 |
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