The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Retinopathy and Hearing Loss among Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Table 3

Mean pure tone thresholds for hearing loss and normal hearing among diabetes subjects (N = 638).

Variables		Retinopathy with Hearing Loss; ≥26 dB; n=126; Mean ± SD	Non-Retinopathy Normal Hearing with; diabetic <26 dB; N = 512; Mean ± SD	p-value significance
Frequency Side
250 Hz	Ri	27.03±15.57	22.96±7.22	< 0.001
250 Hz	Le	32.54± 16.71	23.20±12.18	< 0.001
500 Hz	Ri	33.85±18.32	19.20±14.79	< 0.001
500 Hz	Le	29.60±14.54	18.47±12.38	< 0.001
1,000 Hz	Ri	31.43±17.58	16.26±9.33	< 0.001
1,000 Hz	Le	30.67±17.26	16.31±12.53	< 0.001
1,500 Hz	Ri	31.90±18.5	17.21±10.71	< 0.001
1,500 Hz	Le	31.34±16.81	16.68±13.24	< 0.001
2,000 Hz	Ri	32.38±19.42	18.17±12.10	< 0.001
2,000 Hz	Le	32.02±16.36	17.06±13.96	< 0.001
3,000 Hz	Ri	33.79±20.62	20.95±12.50	< 0.001
3,000 Hz	Le	34.00±17.96	20.38±15.58	< 0.001
4,000 Hz	Ri	35.20± 21.82	23.73±12.92	< 0.001
4,000 Hz	Le	35.99± 19.56	23.70±17.21	< 0.001
6,000 Hz	Ri	38.97±24.83	27.22±17.48	< 0.001
6,000 Hz	Le	37.03±20.04	25.35±17.29	< 0.001
8,000 Hz	Ri	42.74±27.85	30.71±22.05	< 0.001
8,000 Hz	Le	38.08±20.52	27.01±17.37	< 0.001
PTA	Ri	33.21±14.55	19.34±10.42	< 0.001
PTA	Le	32.07±10.11	19.07±9.89	< 0.001
SRT	Ri	35.51±18.44	26.34±12.51	< 0.001
SRT	Le	35.87±20.81	27.85±16.34	< 0.001
SDS ()	Ri	66.16±14.08	76.00±15.67	< 0.001
SDS ()	Le	67.00±10.53	75.17±15.20	< 0.001

PTA: pure tone average; SRT: speech reception threshold; SDS: speech discrimination score.