Research Article
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Added Prognostic Value to Conventional Risk Profiling
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and differences between patients without and with primary outcome. (all-cause mortality).
| | All patients | Event free | With events | P Value | (n=465) | (n=415) | (n=50) |
| ANTHROPOMETRY | | | | | Age (years) | 63 ± 11 | 63 ± 11 | 67 ± 10 | 0.006 | Male sex | 372 (80%) | 334 (81%) | 38 (76%) | 0.454 | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 5 | 0.088 | CAD RISK FACTORS | | | | | Family history of CAD | 201 (43%) | 183 (44%) | 18 (38%) | 0.454 | Smoking | 283 (61%) | 245 (59%) | 38 (76%) | 0.018 | Diabetes | 88 (19%) | 75 (18%) | 13 (26%) | 0.170 | Hypertension | 267 (57%) | 238 (57%) | 29 (57%) | 0.417 | Hypercholesterolemia | 271 (58%) | 241 (58%) | 30 (60%) | 0.763 | No. of CV risk factors | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 0.358 | CLINIC HISTORY | | | | | Previous CAD diagnosis | 398 (86%) | 350 (84%) | 48 (96%) | 0.027 | Previous myocardial infarction | 298 (64%) | 257 (62%) | 41 (82%) | 0.005 | LM or 3-vessel CAD | 165 (35%) | 144 (35%) | 21 (42%) | 0.292 | NYHA classification (III class) | 15 (3%) | 11 (3%) | 4 (8%) | 0.111 | Revascularization in the follow-up | 112 (24%) | 106 (26%) | 6 (12%) | 0.032 | PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY | | | | | β-blockers | 361 (78%) | 321 (78%) | 40 (80%) | 0.692 | Ca++-antagonist | 97 (21%) | 85 (21%) | 12 (24%) | 0.563 | Nitrates | 184 (40%) | 161 (39%) | 23 (46%) | 0.325 | Loop diuretics | 146 (31%) | 122 (29%) | 24 (48%) | 0.007 | Aldosterone antagonist | 54 (12%) | 44 (11%) | 10 (20%) | 0.050 | ACE-inhibitors/ARB | 369 (79%) | 330 (80%) | 39 (78%) | 0.802 | ASA | 396 (85%) | 351 (85%) | 45 (90%) | 0.308 | Statins | 355 (76%) | 317 (76%) | 38 (76%) | 0.952 | Anticoagulant use | 28 (6%) | 22 (5%) | 6 (12%) | 0.117 | ECG | | | | | Heart rate (bpm) | 64 ± 12 | 64 ± 11 | 70 ± 14 | <0.001 | Non sinus rhythm | 14 (3%) | 11 (3%) | 3 (6%) | 0.317 | QRS duration (msec) | 104 ± 19 | 103 ± 18 | 111 ± 24 | 0.021 | QTc interval (msec) | 423 ± 31 | 421 ± 31 | 436 ± 33 | 0.002 | LV hypertrophy | 66 (14%) | 57 (14%) | 9 (18%) | 0.440 | LBBB | 55 (12%) | 43 (10%) | 12 (24%) | 0.005 | RBBB | 59 (13%) | 51 (12%) | 8 (16%) | 0.486 | ST segment depression | 28 (6%) | 24 (6%) | 4 (8%) | 0.758 | Negative T waves | 217 (47%) | 186 (45%) | 31 (62%) | 0.021 | Q waves | 178 (38%) | 158 (38%) | 20 (41%) | 0.660 | ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | | | | | LVEDV (ml/m2) | 60 ± 30 | 58 ± 29 | 72 ± 29 | 0.006 | LVESV (ml/m2) | 29 ± 17 | 27 ± 15 | 44 ± 26 | <0.001 | LVEF (%) | 53 ± 13 | 54 ± 12 | 43 ± 14 | <0.001 | LVWMSI | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | LV mass (g) | 197 ± 64 | 195 ± 61 | 220 ± 86 | 0.053 | LV diastolic dysfunction (≥pseudo-normal) | 42 (9%) | 34 (8%) | 8 (16%) | 0.119 | Mitral regurgitation (≥ moderate) | 65 (14%) | 51 (12%) | 14 (27%) | 0.006 | Pulmonary hypertension (sPAP>35 mmHg) | 34 (7%) | 27 (8%) | 7 (14%) | 0.102 | RVIT dilatation (>40 mm) | 30 (7%) | 27 (7%) | 3 (6%) | 1.000 | RV dysfunction (TAPSE<15 mm) | 35 (8%) | 28 (7%) | 7 (14%) | 0.122 | CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE | | | | | CMR LVEF (%) | 54 ± 15 | 56 ± 14 | 43 ± 18 | <0.001 | CMR LV mass (g) | 153 ± 40 | 151 ± 37 | 174 ± 55 | 0.006 | CMR LVEDV (ml/m2) | 70 ± 46 | 69 ± 47 | 85 ± 37 | 0.014 | CMR LGE (% of LV mass) | 11 ± 13 | 10 ± 12 | 19 ± 18 | <0.001 | CMR myocardial stress induced perfusion abnormality | 82 (18%) | 73 (18%) | 9 (18%) | 0.943 |
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CAD = coronary artery disease; CV = cardiovascular; LM = left main; NYHA = New York heart association; ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ASA = acetylsalicylic acid; QTc = corrected QT; LBBB = left bundle branch block; RBBB = right bundle branch block; LVEDV = left ventricle end diastolic volume, LVESV = left ventricle end systolic volume; LVEF = left ventricle ejection fraction; LVWMSI = left ventricle wall motion score index; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RVIT = right ventricle inflow tract; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; LGE = late gadolinium enhancement. Pearson χ2 or Fisher's exact test for categorical data; Student's t-test or Mann–Whitney for continuous data. |