Expression and Regulation Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig: Relevance to Xenotransplantation

Table 1

miRNAs in pig skeletal muscle.

miRNA	Target	Function	Reference
miR-1a	HDAC4	It promotes myogenesis during embryonic development and muscle cell differentiation	[18–22]
miR-133	SRF	It enhances the proliferation of myoblasts	[19–22]
miR-27b		It is involved in myogenic differentiation, fast-specific and glucocorticoid-dependent myostatin expression	[23–25]
miR-148a	ROCK1	A novel myogenic miRNA that mediates myogenic differentiation	[26]
miR-143		It controls performance of different fiber types	[27, 28]
miR-378	BMP2	A candidate for myogenesis	[29, 30]
	MAPK1
miR-128		It regulates adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and myogenesis	[31]
miR-126		It attenuates insulin signaling and governs vascular integrity and angiogenesis	[32, 33]
miR-92a		It regulates skeletal muscle growth	[28]
miR-127		It regulates the callipyge muscular hypertrophy phenotype	[34, 35]
miR-432
miR-136
miR-10b		It regulates myogenesis and muscle development	[34, 36]
let-7 family		Key miRNA regulators of development	[37, 38]
miR-103		It is involved in cellular Acetyl-CoA and lipid levels	[20, 39]
miR-107
miR-23	PGC-1α	It affects the ratio of oxidative red muscle and oxidative white muscle fibers	[20, 40, 41]
miR-181	Hox-A11	It is barely detectable in resting muscle and; establishes the muscle phenotype	[42, 43]
miR-206	Cx43	It is only highly expressed in newly formed muscle fibers and promotes myoblast differentiation and development	[25, 44, 45]
miR-486		It is expressed postnatally,; acts as an inhibitor of myogenesis	[9]
miR-376b		expressed prenatally, and; plays a role in promotion of myogenesis	[9]
miR-363 miR-365 miR-422b		They are differentially expressed between 33 days postgestation and adult life, long-term regulation of muscle growth and development	[9]