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| Study | Country | Study design | Participants | Interventions | Outcomes | Notes |
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| Chu and Cai [7] 2015 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 15/17, CG: 14/18
Age (range, years): from 46 to 80
FEV1% predicted: EG: 56.83 ± 8.96; CG: 52.53 ± 13.96
Course of disease (range): from 5 months to 20 years
Participants randomly assigned:
64 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 32
CG: 32 | EG: AT + Chinese medicine + western medicine
CG: Chinese medicine + western medicine
Duration: treatment for 90 days; follow-up for 6 months | Spirometry, acute exacerbation frequency, effective rate, adverse effects | |
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| Deering et al. [8] 2011 | Ireland | RCT, 3 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): PR group: 11/14; AT + PR group: 8/8; CG: 12/7
Age (years): PR group: 67.7 ± 5.3; AT + PR group: 65.1 ± 9.7; CG: 68.6 ± 5.5
FEV1% predicted: PR group: 48.5 ± 16.1; AT + PR group: 48.8 ± 22.7; CG: 45.8 ± 18.3
Participants randomly assigned:
60 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
AT + PR group: 16
PR group: 25 | AT + PR group: AT + PR
PR group: PR alone
CG: no intervention
Duration: treatment for 7 weeks; follow-up for 3 months | Body mass index, mMRC, the modified Borg dyspnea score, systemic inflammation, spirometry, total energy expenditure, physical activity duration, metabolic equivalents, steps per day, sleep time/efficiency, incremental shuttle walk test, SGRQ, EQ-5D | Control group was not used in the analysis |
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| Deng et al. [9] 2016 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 13/9, CG: 15/7
Age (years): EG: 57.1 ± 5.9; CG: 58.5 ± 6.5
FEV1% predicted: EG: 52.4 ± 2.9; CG: 51.5 ± 2.7
Course of disease (years): EG: 6.4 ± 2.5; CG: 6.3 ± 2.1
Participants randomly assigned:
44 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 22
CG: 22 | EG: abdominal AT + conventional therapy
CG: conventional therapy alone
Duration: treatment for 24 weeks | Annual hospital stay, annual acute exacerbation frequency, oxygen saturation level, spirometry, 6MWD | |
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| Feng et al. [10] 2016 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 33/3, CG: 31/5
Age (years): EG: 67.8 ± 5.4; CG: 67.1 ± 6.1
FEV1% predicted: EG: 47.3 ± 17.1; CG: 43.9 ± 16.8
Participants randomly assigned:
72 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 33
CG: 32 | EG: AT + daily medication
CG: Sham acupuncture + daily medication
Duration: treatment 3 times weekly for 8 weeks | 6MWD, modified Borg scale score before and after 6MWT, oxygen saturation during the 6MWT, spirometry, SGRQ | |
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| Gao et al. [11] 2011 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 13/17, CG: 12/18
Age (years): EG: 64.87 ± 8.73; CG: 65.25 ± 10.66
FEV1% predicted: EG: 45.88 ± 5.05; CG: 43.54 ± 6.29
Course of disease (years): EG: 10.31 ± 5.82; CG: 10.78 ± 5.53
Participants randomly assigned:
61 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 30
CG: 30 | EG: warm AT
CG: drug therapy
Duration: treatment for 8 weeks | Spirometry, clinical symptoms, SGRQ | |
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| Hu [12] 2016 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): not described
Age (years): not described
FEV1% predicted: not described
Course of disease (years): not described
Participants randomly assigned:
89 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 45
CG: 44 | EG: warm AT + conventional therapy
CG: spreading moxibustion + conventional therapy
Duration: treatment for 2 months | Effective rate, spirometry | |
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| Jia [13] 2004 | China | RCT, 3 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): AT group: 9/13; PR group: 8/14; AT + PR group: 10/12
Age (years): AT group: 61.0 ± 32.6; PR group: 60.0 ± 34.8; AT + PR group: 61.0 ± 33.2
FEV1% predicted: AT group: 70.9 ± 0.2; PR group: 71.1 ± 0.1; AT + PR group: 70.6 ± 0.7
Course of disease (years): AT group: 11.7 ± 8.9; PR group: 12.1 ± 7.2; AT + PR group: 11.6 ± 9.0
Participants randomly assigned:
66 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
AT group: 22
PR group: 22
AT + PR group: 22 | AT group: AT + conventional drugs
PR group: PR + conventional drugs
AT + PR group: AT + PR + conventional drugs
Duration: treatment for 100 days | Effective rate, spirometry | Data from AT group and AT + PR group were combined in the analysis |
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| Li [14] 2015 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 19/10, CG: 17/13
Age (years): EG: 57.21 ± 6.68; CG: 55.80 ± 7.23
FEV1% predicted: EG: 66.28 ± 6.86; CG: 65.16 ± 6.16
Course of disease (years): EG: 10.38 ± 4.90; CG: 10.70 ± 4.88
Participants randomly assigned:
60 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 29
CG: 30 | EG: warm AT + drug therapy
CG: drug therapy alone
Duration: treatment for 1 month | Safety indicators, CAT, spirometry, clinical symptoms, effective rate, adverse effects | |
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| Li et al. [15] 2016 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): two groups were reported to be comparable in gender.
Age (years): two groups were reported to be comparable in age.
FEV1% predicted: EG: 53.1 ± 10.9; CG: 51.9 ± 11.4
Participants randomly assigned:
60 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 30
CG: 30 | EG: AT + Chinese medicine + western medicine
CG: Chinese medicine + western medicine
Duration: treatment for 3 weeks | Clinical symptoms, CAT, spirometry, effective rate, adverse effects | |
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| Liu et al. [16] 2015 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 24/16, CG: 26/14
Age (years): EG: 58.3 ± 12.4; CG: 63.2 ± 10.7
FEV1% predicted: EG: 35.71 ± 7.28; CG: 36.42 ± 6.42
Participants randomly assigned:
80 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 40
CG: 40 | EG: AT + drug therapy
CG: drug therapy alone
Duration: treatment for 3 months | Clinical signs and symptoms, 6MWD, spirometry, effective rate | |
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| Suzuki et al. [17] 2012 | Japan | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 31/3, CG: 32/2
Age (years): EG: 72.7 ± 6.8; CG: 72.5 ± 7.4
FEV1% predicted: EG: 44.5 ± 16.3; CG: 48.0 ± 16.5
Participants randomly assigned:
68 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 30
CG: 32 | EG: AT + daily medication
CG: placebo acupuncture + daily medication
Duration: treatment once a week for 12 weeks | 6MWD, modified Borg scale score before and after 6MWT, oxygen saturation during the 6MWT, spirometry, SGRQ, arterial blood gas, maximum inspiratory mouth pressure, maximum expiratory mouth pressure, range of motion in the rib cage, body mass index, serum prealbumin levels, MRC score, adverse reactions | |
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| Tong et al. [18] 2014 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 15/1, CG: 12/2
Age (years): EG: 64 ± 6; CG: 67 ± 6
FEV1% predicted: EG: 41.72 ± 17.95; CG: 36.16 ± 16.29
Participants randomly assigned:
30 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 16
CG: 14 | EG: AT + aerobic exercise
CG: placebo acupuncture + aerobic exercise
Duration: treatment for 5 weeks | 6MWD, spirometry, maximum oxygen uptake, exercise time, SGRQ | |
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| Wan et al. [19] 2009 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 47/28, CG: 45/30
Age (years): EG: 62.40 ± 8.56; CG: 61.80 ± 10.10
FEV1% predicted: EG: 48.07 ± 12.77; CG: 47.27 ± 14.02
Course of disease (years): EG: 7.73 ± 3.80; CG: 7.70 ± 2.92
Participants randomly assigned:
150 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 75
CG: 75 | EG: AT + Chinese medicine
CG: Chinese medicine alone
Duration: treatment for 36 days | Effective rate, spirometry | |
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| Xie and Yu [20] 2014 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 22/18, CG: 18/22
Age (years): EG: 68.9 ± 8.7; CG: 68.5 ± 9.6
FEV1% predicted: EG: 45.89 ± 5.06; CG: 43.55 ± 6.30
Course of disease (years): EG: 11.8 ± 6.5; CG: 12.3 ± 5.5
Participants randomly assigned:
80 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 40
CG: 40 | EG: warm AT
CG: drug therapy
Duration: treatment for 8 weeks | Spirometry, symptom scores | |
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| Yang et al. [21] 2009 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 26/14, CG: 28/12
Age (range, years): EG: from 49 to 78; CG: from 45 to 77
FEV1% predicted: EG: 53.5 ± 19.2; CG: 54.3 ± 22.6
Course of disease (mean, years): EG: 6.9; CG: 7.1
Participants randomly assigned:
80 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 40
CG: 40 | EG: AT + PR
CG: PR alone
Duration: treatment for 40 days | COPD quality of life questionnaire, 6MWD, spirometry | |
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| Yu [22] 2014 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 18/12, CG: 17/13
Age (years): EG: 63.0 ± 8.5; CG: 62.0 ± 7.6
FEV1% predicted: EG: 50.23 ± 2.56; CG: 51.33 ± 2.43
Course of disease (years): EG: 8.9 ± 3.7; CG: 8.4 ± 3.5
Participants randomly assigned:
60 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 30
CG: 30 | EG: warm AT + function training
CG: conventional drug therapy + function training
Duration: treatment for 3 months | Arterial blood gas, spirometry, SGRQ, effective rate | |
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| Ge et al. [23] 2017 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 23/1, CG: 15/5
Age (years): EG: 65 ± 6; CG: 65 ± 7
FEV1% predicted: EG: 40.76 ± 16.36; CG: 40.53 ± 17.40
Course of disease (years): EG: 9.1 ± 5.5; CG: 8.6 ± 6.8
Participants randomly assigned:
44 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 22
CG: 19 | EG: AT + conventional drugs + aerobic exercise
CG: placebo acupuncture + conventional drugs + aerobic exercise
Duration: treatment for 14 times | Body mass index, average distance and average maximum heart rate during bicycle exercise, 6MWD, maximum power and maximum heart rate during exercise cardiopulmonary function test, spirometry | |
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| Shi [24] 2017 | China | RCT, 2 arms | Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 18/12, CG: 17/14
Age (years): EG: 57.77 ± 6.54; CG: 55.90 ± 6.86
FEV1% predicted: EG: 64.11 ± 5.79; CG: 65.85 ± 6.86
Course of disease (years): EG: 11.43 ± 4.37; CG: 11.68 ± 3.64
Participants randomly assigned:
66 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 30
CG: 31 | EG: AT
CG: western medicine
Duration: treatment for 2 months | CAT, spirometry, clinical symptoms, effective rate, safety indicators | |
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| Tang [25] 2017 | China | RCT, 2 arms
| Participant status:
Gender (M/F): EG: 19/11, CG: 18/13
Age (years): EG: 57.47 ± 5.33; CG: 56.59 ± 6.34
Course of disease (years): EG: 10.07 ± 2.20; CG: 10.55 ± 2.10
Participants randomly assigned:
64 participants were randomly assigned
Analyzed:
EG: 30
CG: 29 | EG: AT + western medicine
CG: western medicine alone
Duration: treatment for 2 months | CAT, clinical symptoms, 6MWT, effective rate, safety indicators | |
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